ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ СРЕДСТВАМИ ВОДНОЙ СРЕДЫ

Петрунина С.В.¹, Хабарова С.М.², Позднышева Е.А.³, БоковГ.В.⁴

^{1, 2,} Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, ³,⁴доцент, Пензенский государственный университет, Россия

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ СРЕДСТВАМИ ВОДНОЙ СРЕДЫ

Аннотация

В статье представлены индивидуальные методические приемы для людей с патологией функций опорно-двигательного аппарата в водной среде.

Ключевые слова: церебральный паралич, водная среда, двигательная коррекция, индивидуальные упражнения, методические приемы.

Petrunina S.V.¹, Khabarova S.M.², Pozdnisheva E.A.³, Bokov G.V.⁴

^1,2, PhD assistant  professor, ^3,4 assistant of professor Penza State University, Russia

FEATURES OF MOTOR COMPENSATION BY MEANS OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

The article presents individual instructional techniques for people with disorders of the musculoskeletal apparatus in the aquatic environment.

Keywords: cerebral palsy, the aquatic environment, motion correction, individual exercises, teaching methods.

In the studies Petrunina S.V. comprehensive program of motor rehabilitation of people with disabilities and cerebral palsy means "artificial control environment 'has been suggested that improved the efficiency of rehabilitation activities undertaken with disabilities. Studies have shown that the power and cyclic training in the aquatic environment has helped to reduce the asymmetry of motor actions in walking and running. Motor recovery of persons with disabilities in the aquatic environment was performed using a "regulated insurance."

In the studies Petrunina SV, regulated insurance  was used in teaching swimming actions of people with reduced mobility. RS provides reliable coverage for dealing with the deep part of the pool. In the context of the development of the regulated insurance possible swimming movements as relying standing still and in motion. regulated insurance. It is a cable or wire system stretched over the water at a height of one to three meters between two supports. Supports can serve a variety of racks, able to withstand the tension of the cable or wire to 3000 N.Cable tension by a special device. On cable, put on long metal hooks. The lower end of the hook should not reach the surface of the water 30 – 50. At the bottom of the hook is put halyard rope with loops attached to it Time swimmer. The belt can be made of any durable material length 80 to 120 cm upper part of the hook is free to slide along the wire, with adjustable depth of immersion in water, the swimmer. Figure 2.6 shows a diagram of a regulated insurance, which we have used us in the classroom with disabilities in the aquatic environment.                                         

The syllabus included general developmental exercises and stepping movements in the water, exhaling into the water, eyes opening in the water, different water immersion. As disabled mastered elementary exercises in the aquatic environment, it offers a swimming exercise, combining sliding on his chest and back, with a preliminary repulsion from the bottom of the pool and the subsequent stepping movements.

In the next step , we used a system of "regulated insurance ." Education Sustainable horizontal body position in the water carried by traditional way. Involved in rescue wore belts connected to tether simulator , and a focus on maintaining balance in the water , and learned to take such a position of the body to the center of gravity and center of pressure of the water on the body match. For this purpose the methodical approach of pressure on the water of the upper body (T- pressure). At the same time dealing with getting used to lower his head into the water while performing such tasks 10-15 .

Once engaged person learned to accept proper horizontal body position in the water, they were invited to the development of swimming movements on elements: first, standing on the bottom of the pool, they performed hand movements in accordance with the breath, then perfected leg movements under the regulatory system in place insurance (crawl on the chest, back).

The next step involved the development of alternating movements of the right and left hand, and then perform exercises under controlled insurance - in the same order as in the training building on the pool bottom. After working each movement separately began training coordinated movement of legs with breath, breathing hands and feet and hands together with the breath.

With the improvement of coherence of the movements studied swimming motions in full coordination. These problems were solved in the first session under controlled insurance.

By the end of the fifth class engaged in the water felt more confident. In terms of training using "regulated insurance" coverage time job without sailing simulator has increased steadily. If from the first to the fifth session training was conducted using only regulated insurance then the sixth, the time devoted to classes in water without the simulator increased. From the sixth to the tenth session, it increased to 20 minutes, the tenth to eighteenth - up to 60 minutes.

It should be noted that in the last three sessions "regulated insurance" was used for making the horizontal body position in the water and with the aim of self-performed movements while swimming. Results of the study indicate the possibility of future use of the training device "regulated insurance" for teaching swimming movements disabilities (cerebral palsy).

During the period of the model experiment, consisting of 16 - 18 sessions, the subjects mastered the simplest swimming movements and were able to overcome unaided to 10 - 15 meters distance in the aquatic environment. Education under controlled insurance showed sufficient efficiency of training facilities in the system classes with disabilities (cerebral palsy).

During the period of the experiment, subjects observed decrease in the value of pulse, as measured by indicators of resting heart rate by 6.4%, a decline in the average - from 85.0 beats / min to 79.5 beats / min. While VC increased by 20%, an increase of 0.4 liters (z <0,7), mental performance index increased by 7.1%, ie improvement from 17.0 mV to 18.2 mV (z <0,83). Indicator of power-sensitivity of the nervous processes increased by 8.5%, an increase of 0.08 dB (z <0,53) (Petrunina S.V., 2003).

All this indicates that the use conditions of the aquatic environment and the training device "regulated insurance" modes increase locomotor activity disabled shows sufficient performance we selected instructional techniques that improve the activity parameters cardio-respiratory system, indicators of physical and mental performance, power-sensitive nerve processes, mobility and flexibility of joints.

References

1. Petrunina S.V., Khabarova S.M., Kiryuhina I.A. Investigation of biomechanical factors of walking of disabled and healthy people //2^nd International Scientific Conference “European Applied Sciences: modern approaches in scientific researches”: Volume 2. Papers of 1^st International Scientific Conference (Volume 1). February 18-19, 2013, Stuttgart, Germany. P. 120-121.
2. Petrunina S.V., Khabarova S.M., Kiryuhina The basic technology of psycho-social adaptation of disabled people through individual swimming exercises // Europäische Fachhochschule, European Applied Sciences, #2 – 2013., ORT Publishing. Stuttgart, Germany, Р.99-100
3. Petrunina S.V., Khabarova S.M., Kiryuhina I.A. The basic technology of psychosocial adaptation of disabled people through individual swimming exercises: monograph / 1st edition. – Vienna: “East West” Association for Advances Studies and Higher Education GmbH, 2014.