ON THE ISSUE OF SOME EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PROSTATE CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA. DYNAMICS OF INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE

One of the most common malignant tumors of the urogenital system in men is prostate cancer (PCa), most identified cases occur in the age group 50–70 years

Analysis was carried out using data from the cancer registry of the State Budgetary Institution of Health of the Republic of Mordovia «Republican Oncology Dispensary» for the period 2018-2022, as well as data from the literature specialized in the problem of morbidity, mortality and treatment outcomes of prostate cancer (C61, ICD-10) (Annual publications for 2018-2022 «The state of oncological care for the population of Russia», edited by A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinsky, A.O. Shakhzadova). For processing statistical data, Microsoft Excel and Statistica 6.0 software were used. The parametric Student's t test was applied. The results are presented as follows, M ± m (M - mean, m - error of the mean). Differences were accepted as statistically significant at p < 0.05.

The average age of patients with prostate cancer treated at the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Mordovia "Republican Oncology Dispensary" from 2018-2022 was 61.64±10.42 years. In 2022 On the basis of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Mordovia "ROD", 157 patients were examined and treated, of which 57.9% were newly diagnosed cases. For the period from 2018 to 2022, we identified an increasing trend in the prevalence of prostate cancer in the Republic of Mordovia (RM). In the Republic of Mordovia, the incidence rate increased during the reporting period from 2021 to 2022 amounted to 18.9% (p<0.05). In general, there is a clear trend towards an increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. Thus, in 2021 in the Republic of Mordovia, the absolute number of patients with prostate cancer was 227 people, which is 11.82% statistically significant more than in 2020, p < 0.05. The “crude” incidence rate in 2021 was 62.12 per 100,000 population. The increase in the incidence of prostate cancer over the past 5 years in the Republic of Mordovia amounted to 38.54%. The most statistically significant increase in incidence on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia was recorded in 2021-2022 and amounted to 11.9% per 100 thousand population (due to registration of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, and late referral of patients in the regions of the republic) while in the Russian Federation as a whole, the increase in incidence was 12.9% (p< 0.05) In 2021, the standardized incidence rate was 36.23 per 100,000 population, which is 15.86% statistically significantly higher than in 2020 (p<0.05) (Fig. 1).

Figure 1 - Incidence of prostate cancer in the Republic of Mordovia for the reporting period

DOI:10.23670/IRJ.2023.138.41.1

In the Russian Federation, the incidence of prostate cancer is steadily increasing. A similar trend was noted in the Republic of Mordovia. In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the male population of Russia, prostate cancer ranks second, which corresponds to 14.5% of all diagnosed neoplasms in men after tumors of the trachea, bronchi, and lung (17.4%). Thus, in 2018, 40,785 new cases of prostate cancer were identified for the first time and the standardized indicator was 40.47 per 100 thousand population. Increase in incidence from 2018 to 2022 − 60.61% with an average growth rate for 2022 of − 15.9%. Mortality from prostate cancer in Russia has increased over the past 10 years. In 2022, 13,565 men died from prostate cancer in Russia. Over 10 years (from 2012 to 2022), the increase in the mortality rate was 13.85% with an average annual growth rate of 1.29%. Despite the improvement of methods for diagnosing prostate cancer and the introduction of PSA monitoring, the incidence of advanced forms of prostate cancer in Russia, as well as in Mordovia, remains high. According to data for 2022, stage IV metastatic prostate cancer, in which radical treatment of these patients is no longer possible, was verified in 21.9% of patients. Locally advanced prostate cancer without the presence of regional and distant metastases (stage III prostate cancer) was diagnosed in 24.5% of patients, localized prostate cancer stage I–II was detected in 59.5% of patients.

For the period from 2018 to 2022, we have recorded an increasing trend in the incidence of prostate cancer in the Republic of Mordovia; the average age of the patients was 61.64±10.42 years. Men in the age group 60+ are significantly more susceptible to prostate cancer, however, we also recorded a statistically significant increase in the incidence among patients of working age