ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ С УЧЁТОМ РЕЛЕВАНТНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

Кузьмин И.В.¹, Теребова С.В.²

¹ Младший научный сотрудник, ² Кандидат экономических наук, зав. центром, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт социально-экономического развития территорий Российской академии наук

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ С УЧЁТОМ РЕЛЕВАНТНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

Аннотация

В статье рассмотрено значение развития международного сотрудничества в современной государственной инновационной политике. Изучены цели и особенности выделенных форм и видов международного сотрудничества в инновационной деятельности. Выявлены преимущества, предоставляемые международным сотрудничеством субъектам инновационной деятельности. Представлен ряд выводов и рекомендаций.

Ключевые слова: инновации, международное сотрудничество, государственное управление, регион.

 

Kuzmin I.V.¹, Terebova S.V.²

¹ Junior researcher, ² PhD in Economics, Head of Center, Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF TERRITORIAL INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN TERMS OF THE RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The paper explores the relevance of international cooperation development for the modern public innovation policy. It studies goals and features of the forms and kinds of international cooperation in innovation activities that were identified during the research, and singles out the advantages that international cooperation grants to innovation activity subjects. The paper presents a set of conclusions and recommendations.

Keywords: innovation, international cooperation, public administration, region.

In the developed economies the GDP growth is mainly achieved through the production of innovation goods, works and services. Accordingly, today intensive R&D, active use and commercialization of the results in domestic and foreign markets are an integral part of the strategies for the advanced industrial development. The innovation policy priorities are being formed in the developed and emerging economies (including the BRICS) in accordance with this direction. The development of technologies is accompanied by the expansion of both economic and scientific-technological relations between innovation activity subjects. The interaction of enterprises involves the exchange of new knowledge, joining forces in search of new ideas, their joint development and nowadays serves as an important success indicator in the field of innovation.

The results of the statistical information study show the development of innovation cooperation in the countries with a high level of innovation activity. For comparison with the Russian Federation we have selected countries for which data of the official state statistics service are available, and the level of innovation activity exceeds 40%. These countries (i.e. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Sweden) are characterized by the significant increase in the proportion of enterprises engaged in innovation cooperation projects [2].

The activation of the innovation cooperation processes is, in turn, manifested in the international scientific-technological cooperation. The internationalization of innovation activities and development of international cooperation have become important trends of recent decades at the regional level. The implementation of major research projects due to their complexity, duration and high cost is not always possible in the framework of a country’s regions. The relevant trends enhance prospects for economic growth, and the cooperation development improves regions’ innovation capacity.

According to the publication [2], in 2010–2011 in the majority of the countries described above the share of organizations implementing technological innovations increased. In Austria, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg and Russia it is reflected in the increased participation in international research and development. At the same time, in the period under review the innovation activity decreased in 8 of 11 countries, and the declined participation in international R&D was observed primarily in these countries. Thus, the analysis of official statistical information, although not as explicitly as in case of general intensification of innovation cooperation, confirms the findings that modern innovation is accompanied by the development of international R&D projects. Let us note that if the above statistics took into account the data on all foreign countries the countries cooperate with and not just key partners (EU, China, India, the USA), the percentage of organizations participating in international R&D would be higher.

In modern research, dedicated to innovation activities and public innovation policy, the form of cooperation, such as innovation cooperation, is wide-spread. However, there is a range of other forms. Nevertheless, they are quite closely related and often overlap, and therefore it is possible to determine universal forms, which was done by us on the basis of [1, 3, 4, 5]. The form of cooperation is characterized by that subjects of innovation activities in countries or regions conduct joint R&D, commercial and non-commercial exchange of resources and innovation. It includes such realization measures as programs, contracts, agreements, transactions. The form of association is created in order to implement common interests in scientific-technological and innovation spheres. Among its realization measures there are political, research, commercial, consumer and social organizations. Finally, the form of coordination implies development and implementation of joint policies in the field of innovation activity development. It is manifested in close cooperation at the international, national, regional levels, as well as between individual companies, research organizations, universities. Agreements on joint implementation of innovation policy, integration associations, and establishment of uniform requirements in the innovation activities can be named as the realization measures for the coordination form.

Sharing experience is one of the key points of international cooperation in the innovation activities. This fact confirms the need to develop cooperation at the regional level, because each region has specific requirements to obtaining and transferring various resources and innovation. The results of innovation activities are not automatically translated to economic success and dynamic economic development of territories. In this regard, it is reasonable to develop measures for intensification of international cooperation of regions in innovation activities.

The differentiation of cooperation by forms and levels of its implementation is a basis for the selection of these types of cooperation in the innovation activities:

1. Interstate type. Bilateral and multilateral international agreements and programs of cooperation in the innovation activities that are signed and developed at the state level, and serve as a basis for developing special initiatives in the framework of state program documents.
2. National type. National initiatives for the development of cooperation in the innovation activities that are implemented by federal agencies. They are subdivided into: 1) cooperation between national innovation actors; 2) cooperation between national and foreign innovation actors.
3. Regional type. Bilateral and multilateral international agreements and programs of cooperation in the innovation activities, and regional initiatives of innovation cooperation development that are concluded and developed at the regional level. They are implemented by regional structures and subdivided into: 1) cooperation between regional innovation actors; 2) cooperation between regional and international innovation actors.
4. Corporate type. Cooperation of enterprises, research organizations, and universities. It is subdivided into: 1) independent cooperation with national innovation actors; 2) independent cooperation with foreign innovation actors.

The current level of development of the Russian regions’ international cooperation in innovation activities indicates the need to expand the current measures to strengthen international relations of innovation activity subjects. At the same time, it is possible to identify priorities of the state innovation policy, such as: a) enhancing the role and share of international cooperation in the innovation activities in the overall structure of foreign trade activities of Russia and its regions; b) establishment of mechanisms and infrastructure of international cooperation development. Today Russia has certain experience to realize the measures of innovation activity regulation. The study of the latest trends allows us to single out the development of cooperation in the innovation activities as a separate direction of the modern innovation policy implementation. Over the past decade this sphere has established specific reserves for subsequent intensification of innovation activities with the help of appropriate tools.

The interaction between innovation systems of certain regions plays an increasing role in their economic cooperation. In the Russian regions the processes of state regulation of innovation activities are gradually activating on the basis of international cooperation development, despite the fact that the regional measures still do not provide such opportunities, as tools of the federal level.

Innovation companies should be ready to develop relations with foreign partners. Nowadays, however, the system for international cooperation in the innovation activities between Russian and foreign regions is not developed enough. In this regard, its design and further development is of particular importance [6]. It will be aimed at the creation of favorable conditions for realization of innovation activities, development and commercialization of its results, gaining competitive advantages, synergy of national innovation actors and their foreign partners.

Thus, the regions’ participation in international cooperation boosts innovation activities in general and strengthens innovation products in new promising markets in particular. It is advisable to elaborate regional mechanisms that create conditions for cooperation between innovation activity subjects and their foreign partners, provide preferences to the cooperation participants, state resources for innovation interactions, improve the legislative framework for innovation interactions, enhance infrastructure elements, develop relations with innovation networks and programs of developed countries and their regions, ensure the provision of systematic information and consulting support for the organization and deepening of innovation interactions. As tools of cooperation it is possible to use the framework of current policy documents, create regional initiatives to support projects involving the development of innovation cooperation.

So, to summarize it is worth highlighting the following main points. International cooperation in the innovation activities can have a significant impact on the innovation development of regions. The R&D results created in one region can be rapidly spread in other areas. The risks for their implementation are lower if the efforts, resources and complementary capabilities of regions are combined. The development of international cooperation is aimed at creating favorable conditions to carry out innovation activities, develop and commercialize its results, use resources optimally, gain competitive advantages and synergy of national innovation activity actors and their foreign partners.

International cooperation in the innovation activities should be understood as a process of interaction of innovation activity subjects of different countries, dominated by joint search for the realization of common interests in the field of scientific research, design, development, production, sales (on domestic and international markets) and service of innovation products. It is necessary to elaborate regional mechanisms that create conditions for cooperation of innovation activity subjects with their foreign partners. The basis for the selection of cooperation kinds in the innovation activities is their orientation and implementation levels.

References

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3. International Scientific-Technological Cooperation of the Russian Federation: Brief Review and Development. Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC). Мoscow: Special Book, 2014. 60 p.
4. Main Results of Cooperation between Russia and the EU in the Field of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Moscow: Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 2013. 35 p.
5. Mindeli L. E., Vasin V. A. Problem of Interrelation between Domestic and International Aspects of Public Research and Innovation Policy. Innovation, 2006, no. 2 (89), pp. 20-27.
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