МЕЖСТРАНОВЫЕ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ О МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯХ ЦЕНООБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА УГЛЕРОД: МЕТА-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР С МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ РОССИИ
Structural Economic Indicators of the Russian Federation (2000–2024)
source: World Bank WDI. Latest year: GDP per capita and carbon intensity — 2024; energy intensity and RES share — 2021; trade and industry — 2024. OECD carbon pricing score for Russia’s energy-use sectors in 2021: 7,7% of the emissions-weighted benchmark [22]. For reference, the average energy intensity among OECD countries is approximately 4,0–4,5 MJ/$ [23], and the average renewable energy share among countries with active carbon pricing is approximately 20 percent, based on the calibration sample described in the Methods section
Indicator | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | Latest |
GDP per capita, PPP (2021 int. $) | 20,105 | 27,657 | 33,064 | 35,037 | 38,638 | 41,705 |
Carbon intensity (kg CO2e/$ PPP) | 0,570 | 0,438 | 0,370 | 0,341 | 0,341 | 0,330 |
Energy intensity (MJ/$ PPP) | 12,06 | 9,42 | 8,42 | 7,74 | 8,46 | 8,46 |
Renewable energy share (%) | 3,5 | 3,6 | 3,3 | 3,2 | 3,5 | 3,5 |
Trade openness (% of GDP) | 68,1 | 56,7 | 50,4 | 49,4 | 50,6 | 39,5 |
Industry value added (% of GDP) | 33,9 | 32,6 | 30,0 | 29,8 | 31,8 | 30,7 |