INSECTICIDAL MIXTURE FOR TERMITE CONTROL

Research article

Yessenbayeva Z.Z.

Sainova G.A.

Amankos A.A.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2022.120.6.028

Issue: № 6 (120), 2022

Published:

2022/06/17

PDF

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ / BIOLOGY

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2022.120.6.028

ИНСЕКТИЦИДНАЯ СМЕСЬ ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С ТЕРМИТАМИ

Научная статья

Есенбаева Ж.Ж. 1, *, Саинова Г.А. 2 , Аманкос А.А. 3

1 ORCID: 0000-0002-7737-548X;

2 ORCID: 0000-0002-0709-7453;

1 Satbayev University, Алматы, Казахстан;

2, 3 Международный казахско-турецкий университет имени Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави, Туркестан, Казахстан *

Корреспондирующий автор (esenbaeva.j[at]mail.ru)

Аннотация

В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по определению эффективности инсектицидного состава для термитов. Все виды термитов поедают древесину и другие целлюлозасодержащие материалы, разрушая все деревянные конструкции, вследствие этого они наносят ущерб на миллиарды долларов. Препараты, которые применяемые для борьбы с насекомыми, не всегда эффективны по воздействию на организм вредителей. Термиты живут в огромных колониях. Для того чтобы избавиться от них, надо уничтожить все семейство, особенно главную матку. В связи с этим, изучение и создание инсектицидных препаратов является актуальной проблемой. Целью данной работы является создание инсектицидного средства, обладающего расширенным спектром воздействия на организм термитов и предназначенного для проведения профилактической, а также истребительской стерилизации мест с целью выведения их потомства (матка).

Ключевые слова: термиты, инсектицидный состав, серосодержащий отход, бура, борная кислота, приманка, вредители.

INSECTICIDAL MIXTURE FOR TERMITE CONTROL

Research article

Yessenbayeva Z.Z.1, *, Sainova G.A. 2 , Amankos A.A. 3

1 ORCID: 0000-0002-7737-548X;

2 ORCID: 0000-0002-0709-7453;

1 Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 2, 3 Ahmet Yasawi University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan

* Corresponding author (esenbaeva.j[at]mail.ru)

Abstract

The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the effectiveness of the insecticidal composition for termites. All types of termites eat wood and other cellulose-containing materials, and as a result, they cause billions of dollars in damage. Preparations that are used to control insects are not always effective in affecting the body of pests. Termites live in huge colonies. In order to get rid of them, it is necessary to destroy the entire family, especially the main queen. In this regard, the study and creation of insecticidal preparations is an urgent problem. The purpose of this work is to create an insecticidal agent that has an extended range of effects on the body of termites and is intended for preventive and extermination sterilization of places in order to exterminate their offspring (queen).

Keywords: termites, insecticidal composition, sulfur-containing waste, borax, boric acid, bait, pests.

Introduction Termites are commonly referred to as "white ants". They got this name due to the fact that they, like ants, lead a "social" life, often build cone-shaped buildings, like ordinary ants, are characterized by polymorphism [9, P.25]. Termites have been found on all the continents, except Antarctica. In African countries, India and also Southeast Asia, several acumpients are known in which a complete relocation of cities was required due to the invasion of termites. Termites are herbivores and love to eat cellulose (paper, cardboard, products and wooden structures). In our country, termites are easily encountered in Central Asia: in hungry steppe such as Karakum, Kyzylkum, the Termite of Transcaspian (Anacanthotermes ahgernianus) also the Turkestan thermita (a. Turkestanicus) are placed at mass and form nests underground [1, P.35]. Insects (termites) are very challenging to see, as they don’t like to go out in the daylight and very frequently lead a nocturnal life. Their movement occurs mainly in the moves they make underground or inside a tree. There are multiple tunnels as a large form of communication between the chambers of one nest or of several nearby. Because of the fact, it's often so late to detect termite demolishment, when a wooden building becomes unlivable due to numerous openings and termite migrations. In winter days, termites lose their activity, but they are alive in heated wood, continuing work all year round. The nests of these insects have different structures, varied locations and sizes. They're anchored underground and can communicate with each other through many tunnels resembling large, goodly galleries. The king and queen are responsible for reproduction in the termite mound. Their pairs are inseparable, they don't change couples and even spend their whole lives together in a forceful chamber (unlike the ants, the king termite doesn't die after mating). Sometimes termites live in a crease on the surface of the ground in the form of shadowy columnar structures. Workers construct a haunt, a clay mass obtained by mixing their own excrement and saliva with earth and wood. The grand walls of such a terminal are quite tight, and the foe will need some effort to get rid of them. The size of the nest directly depends on how large the settlement is at the moment. Settlements of the Transcaspian termites can be Международный научно-исследовательский журнал ▪ № 6 (120) ▪ Часть 2 ▪ Июнь 7 seen on a slightly anaglyphic hill, which stands out slightly against the surrounding background with the color of the soil. Turkestan termite can be seen in earthen galleries laid out on stems and long stems of dry desert shrubs. In cities and other different areas, it's like this: termites hardly demolish buildings [10], [11], [12]. They strike from above (an unfired clay stone with the straw), which is fast and simple to erect buildings and structures in arid areas. They also demolish the wooden ceilings of buildings and cause damage by using them for feed needs [13]. Termites arrive out of the cockroach troop. In the Turkestan region, termites are the most spread insects. They cause enormous damage (economically and socially) by destroying wooden structures in residential and industrial buildings, architectural monuments and other structures [2], [3]. It's lately been discovered that during their construction activities, these insects actively damage synthetic materials, such as various cables, rubbers, plastics, etc. A necessary concern in this regard is the protection of materials of termite detriment. Objects and methods of research The objects of study are Turkestan termites (A. turkestanicus). The sizes are different: sexual individuals are 1.5 centimeter long, workers – 0.5-0.8 cm, soldiers – up to 1.5 cm [4, P.244-246]. To study the insecticidal properties of the offered composition were taken from working termites (0.5-0.8 cm). Based on the study of literary sources and the obtained results of experimental studies, the optimal compositions of insecticidal components were extracted. This insecticidal composition, which has a nerveparalytic effect on insects, which contains in wt. %, as active substances – boric acid (8-10%), borax (4-5%), sulfur-perlitecontaining waste (5-10%), and sources of food – sugar (10-15%), honey (5-6%), sawdust (40-45%), the rest is water [5]. Boric acid is an inorganic insecticide. It is used as a contact insecticide and has an intestinal effect. The contact-intestinal effect of boric acid manifests itself gradually as it accumulates in the body. When entering termites' body, boric acid destroys the walls of internal organs, which leads to disorders of the contractile functions of the abdomen and water balance. Borax is an inorganic insecticide, antiseptic. It is one of the most commonly used and is an effective termite control product. Borax kills the nervous system of termites by dehydrating it. After eating borax or its mixture with boric acid, termites gradually experience paralysis and die [6]. To enhance the insecticidal effect of boron-containing, sulfur-containing waste from sulfuric acid production was additionally introduced into the composition, which contains a number of substances that inhibit the biological activity of insects. The mercaptans contained in the waste are strong nerve poisons. They have a narcotic effect and cause muscle stiffness [7, P.48]. Cellulose (sawdust) is the main food for all types of termites. Millet contains of at least 70% cellulose and other carbohydrates. When termites enter the body, the components that are contained in the composition of sulfur-containing waste are adsorbed by the protoplasm of cells and, as a result, enzymatic processes are disturbed, and the nervous system is affected. Honey and sugar are fillers, in the proposed tool they play the role of food bait, in addition, to acting as binding adhesive materials, allowing to get the tool in various forms [8, P.500-502]. Results and discussion To identify the insecticidal effectiveness of the proposed composition, 5 groups (4 – experimental, 1 – control / 10 pcs in each group) of termites were formed. Picture 1 shows the terms used in laboratory experiments. а b Fig. 1 – Samples of termites for laboratory studies: а – an experienced group b – control Termites for laboratory experiments were collected from the destroyed sites. Chemical test tubes with the same dimensions with a diameter of 16 mm were selected for the experiment. First, to get an insecticide, a combination of the initial components was crushed to a powdery state. The resulting combination and millet grains were added to an aqueous solution of honey, after which they were thoroughly mixed. The insecticidal combination in different ratios was placed at the bottom of the tubes. To ensure humidity, all samples with termites were covered with a moistened gauze cloth. To define the viability and behavior of termites, compositions of various components (sulfur-containing waste, borax, boric acid, sawdust, millet, honey, sugar) in different masses were taken. % ratios (1 table). Table 1 shows the compositions of various samples for the experiment. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал ▪ № 6 (120) ▪ Часть 2 ▪ Июнь 8 Table 1 – Content of components for samples № option Components and their contents, mass.% Borax Boric acid Sulfurcontaining waste Sawdust Millet Honey Sugar Water 1 4 10 10 20 25 6 - The rest 2 5 8 12 22 18 - 10 The rest 3 8 12 8 25 20 5 - The rest 4 6 9 5 27 23 - 12 The rest 5 * - - - 60 20 - - The rest Note: * – control The composition of the control sample consists of cellulose-containing raw materials (sawdust) and millet grains. Table 2 – Effect of insecticidal composition on termites Option Date of delivery of experience The beginning of the experiment, number of termites Date of lethal effect (100%) Fallen: in the first 24 hours, pcs 1 03.02.2022 10 6.02.2022 4 2 03.02.2022 10 6.02.2022 5 3 03.02.2022 10 5.02.2022 7 4 03.02.2022 10 7.02.2022 3 Control 03.02.2022 10 26.02.2022 - From the data presented in Table 2 above, it can be seen that, in the first 24 hours, there is a decrease in the number of termites in all prototypes. A reduced insecticidal effect was well-known in variant 4, the greatest effect of the insecticidal structure was observed in variant 3 compared to the control. In the control sample, termites lived for more than 20 days compared to the experimental ones, which is explained by the absence of insecticidal components in the mixture. The purpose of this work is to create an insecticidal agent that has an extended spectrum of effects on the body of termites and is intended for preventive as well as exterminatory disinfection of places in order to exterminate their offspring. For the second experiment, 8 groups (7 – experimental, 1 – control / 10 in each group) of termites were formed in laboratory conditions (table 3). Table 3 – Content of components for samples (2nd experiment) № Components and their contents, mass.% Boric acid Borax Sulfur-containing waste Sawdust Biomass of red California worms Hon ey Millet 1 10 5 6 13 10 6 15 2 10 4 8 10 12 6 12 3 12 6 11 12 15 5 13 4 8 7 12 11 16 5 - 5 11 7 9 16 11 5 - 6 9 6 7 18 14 6 - 7 13 8 13 14 8 4 18 8 - - - 50 - - 5 Some toxic substances (insecticidal compounds) have the ability to accumulate in the body (cumulative effect or bioaccumulation). The body of red California worms consists of chlorogenic epithelium (tissue). Chlorogenic tissue (inside glycogen and fat) slowly metabolizes toxic substances, which is explained by the bioaccumulative potential of the biomass of red California worms. Experimental studies on the effects of insecticidal compounds on termites are continuing. Conclusion Thus, the proposed insecticidal composition has a high nerve-paralytic effect by enhancing the synergistic interaction of all components (boric acid, borax, sulfur-containing waste). This composition allows you to expand the range of means for the disinfection of objects. Конфликт интересов Не указан. Conflict of Interest None declared.

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