RESAERCH METHODS OF LOCATIVE ELEMENT
RESAERCH METHODS OF LOCATIVE ELEMENT
Sulaymanova N.J.
SamSIFL teacher researcher
Annotation
The article is devoted to the methods of investigation of locative elements. Sentence analysis with locative elements is taken according to the results of component analysis in the system of contradicting – opposition. More over the article is full of examples related to the description of various syntactic units.
Key words: locative elements, syntactic units, syntax-semantic, analysis, transformations.
Syntax-semantic analysis theory is based on linguistic research methods - methods of experiment and simulation. We believe that it is necessary to distinguish between the concept of transformation in generative transformational grammar, whose task is to reduce all possible constructions-sentences a finite number of nuclear structures, and the notion of transformation as a research method to determine the nature of a linguistic research.
In syntax-semantic analysis the transformation aims at study of elementary syntactic units in the sentence. That's why A. M. Mukhin warns that in accordance with the understanding of transformation as a method of the experiment should not be given to the terms "original construction" or "original position" and "transform" the importance that they have in generative grammar: in the syntax-semantic analysis any syntax may be the original [Mukhin , 1979, 102].
This means that different types of experimental syntactic transformations are allowed to prove the identification of the elements under study. Thus, in the present work transformation means any change of sentences that are likely to give in the end-label construction, which remains the main part of the original sentence, and to serve the parsing of elements in the structure of the sentence. This is not to infer that syntax-semantic analysis allows all sorts of transformation and all kinds of transformations of the original structure. The limits of acceptable transformations are grammatical markedness - the right offer and maintain semantic invariant [Usmanov, 1990, 24].
It follows from the above that the use of methods of linguistic experiment and the transformation in particular, the main goal is to syntax-semantic features that are relevant to a particular syntaxeme. Syntax-semantic features of elementary syntactic units can be identified by applying the transformation: 1) substitution, 2) the omission, 3) the deployment structure, 4) permutations of analyzed syntactic elements, 5) questions.
The study of the surface structure of the sentence, ie component analysis deals with locative elements delineation types of syntactic relations between elementary syntactic units play an important role. The choice of this method is motivated by the fact that the structure of the sentence without establishing syntactic relations between syntactic units of the sentences is difficult to cause differential syntactic features components of the sentence. These differential syntactic features are determined by the syntactic component of the sentence in terms of systems of contrasts. [Zhollybekova, 2008, 14].
Syntax-semantic analysis of sentences from locative elements is carried by the results of component analysis in a system of contrasts - the opposition.
1. You'll live at the palace. (Salinger, 25)
2. I came to the Thames (Jerome, 149)
3. Susie came out of the dressing - room. (Maugham, 132)
4. I started through the station. (Hemingway, 112)
5. They reached St. Albans. (Jerome, 110)
According to the surface structure all these sentences are the same, they are ternary. Here is a predicative type of coordination between the elements You, I, Susie, they and 'll live, came, started, reached. This relationship is present between two equal components which mutually presuppose each other. (Usmanov, 1991, 12). This implies the bi-directional nature of the relationship, one of its features. Another significant feature is that the syntax is the relationship between the components that make up the structural basis (kernel) of the sentence. In junction model, it is marked as 
The last elements of these sentences at the palace, to the Themes, out of the dressing - room, through the station, St. Albans act as structure of sentences based on subordinate bond in relation to the elements of live, came, started, reached and it is marked with ( ) . Thus the sentences lend themselves under one junction model.
Based on this framework, their differential syntactic features, ie component structure of the sentence are determined. Syntactic units in the position of the Subject You, I, Susie, they are defined as nuclear component and are marked NP1, the elements in the position of the predicate live, came, started, reached - predicated nuclear components and are marked with NP2, the last elements in the position of adverbial modifier of place - of palace, to the Thames, out of the dressing - room, through the station, St. Albans are defined as a non-nuclear-dependent component and are marked as ND.
On the basis of these characters we build a component model: NP1, NP2, ND. km
Then we make syntax-semantic analysis of the sentences. But it should be noted that in the study of functioning locative element in the structure of the English sentence, the researchers are still based on the concept of secondary parts of the sentence. In the theory of the "adverbial modifier of place" it is considered as a static value, without further differentiation. Therefore, in this paper we consider the locative elements are based on the theory of syntax-semantic analysis, resulting in the set of system relations elementary units of the deep structure of the sentence. While studying the syntactic content of locative element in the structure of sentences, it is necessary to call categorical syntax-semantic features such as substantiality, qualification, process. On the basis of categorical attributes non-categorical attributes and paradigmatic series of substantial, qualification, and procedural syntax are identified.
In this case, the above sentences containing such locative elements as at the palace, to the Thames, out of the dressing - room, through the station, St. Albans are expressed by nouns and have categorical syntax-semantic feature - substantiality. On the basis of substantial locative syntaxemes we may reveal their paradigmatic series:
In the first sentence syntax element at the palace expresses locativity and adessivity, ie locative adessive syntaxeme expresses the place and position in the space:
1) You'll live at the palace.
In the second sentence to the Thames expresses locative element and allativity. Locative allative syntaxeme expresses the direction of action to a specific point in the spatial extent:
2) I came to the Thames.
In the next sentence, the combination out of the dressing - room expresses locative and ablative elements. Locative ablative syntaxeme is set in contrast with the sign of allativity, ie ablative expresses separation from some spaces:
3) Susie came out of the dressing - room.
In the fourth sentence syntactic units through the station express locative translativeness. Locative translative syntaxeme refers to the actions done by any spatiality, sign contrasted ablative and allative elements:
4) I started through the station.
In the last sentence component of St. Albans expresses locative and objectivity. Locative object syntaxeme represents elementary syntactic units, while they are endowed with syntax-semantic characteristics of the object and locativity. As part of this syntaxeme non-categorical quality of locative element is expressed by syntactic elements that are in the position of object:
5) They reached St. Albans.
Locative object syntaxeme is studied in contrasting locative syntaxeme..
Locative paradigms Syntax and their characteristics are proved by the following transformations:
- Locative adessive syntaxeme:
1) You'll live at the palace. You'll live here / there. Or, Where will you live?
- Locative allative syntaxeme:
2) I came to theThames. I come in the direction of theThames, or Where did you come?
- Locative ablative syntaxeme:
3) Susie came out of the dressing - room. Susie came from the dressing - room. Susie come cut of there. Or Where did Susie come out of?
- Locative translative syntaxeme:
4) I started through the station. Where did you start through? and I started along the station. Or, I started through there / here.
- Locative objective syntaxeme:
5) They reached st. Albans. They reached here / there. They reachedSt. Albans.St. Albanswas reached by them. Where did they reach?
So paradigmatic criteria of elementary syntactic units are:
a) Allocation of opposition paradigmatic series of locative syntaxemes;
b) Establishment of the series of options specific to each locative syntaxeme.
Syntagmatic criteria syntactic units with signs of locativity limited to the above-noted features of distributive compatibility syntaxemes, their positional features and location in the sentence.
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