О ПРОБЛЕМАХ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЙ ВЛАСТЕЙ, ГРАЖДАН И ТРУДОВЫХ МИГРАНТОВ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Хонходжаев Ф.Т.
Кандидат экономических наук, магистр политологии, доцент кафедры экономических дисциплин, Международный еврейский институт экономики, финансов и права
О ПРОБЛЕМАХ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЙ ВЛАСТЕЙ, ГРАЖДАН И ТРУДОВЫХ МИГРАНТОВ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены проблемы взаимоотношений властей, местных жителей и трудовых мигрантов. О столкновении мигрантов с трудностями при легализации и трудоустройстве, об институциональных проблемах миграции и отношений местных жителей с мигрантами в Российской Федерации.
Ключевые слова: трудовые мигранты, Россия, правительство, местное население, проблемы миграции.
Khonkhodzhaev F.T.
PhD in Economics, Master of Political Science, Associate professor of Department of economic disciplines, International Jewish Institute Of Economics, Finance & Law
CHALLENGES OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GOVERMENT, LOCALS AND MIGRANTS WORKERS OF RUSSIA
Abstract
On the institutional problems of migration and the mutual relations of the authorities, local people with migrant workers. About collision difficulties migrant legalization and employment, about the institutional problems of migration and relationship of local residents with migrants in the Russian Federation.
Keywords: migrant workers, the Russian Federation, the government, the local population, migration problems
Labour migration covers almost all regions of Russia with various quantifying outputs from the Far East to the North Caucasus: 4 subjects of the Russian Federation (Moscow and Moscow Region, St.Petersburg and the Leningrad region) has a leading position in attracting labor migrants. For these cities and other regions according to various opinion polls [1] one of the most pressing issues is the problem of migration.
The number of migrants is increased every year and there occur of the problem arises of relations between the authorities, citizens and migrant workers.
The controversies between the State and migrants are obviously manifested in public installations law and order on the one hand, and the influx of a huge number of illegal migrants - the other [2].
Due to the pressure of popular discontent on influx of large number of migrants, the Governments begin to pass and enforce stricter laws that regulate the stay of foreign citizens in Russia.[1] The laws either do not work or create additional difficulties for the legalization of migrants in acquiring permits. The indicated adopted laws is not reduced the number of migrants and it paves the way for corruption.
The mechanism for obtaining permits, and registration procedures are so difficult and artificially complicated, which makes it inevitable to suggest "bribes". Some migrants use the services of middlemen who often provide faked permits (work permits, immigration card, residence registration).[2] It is not rare and cases where the registration of relevant papers involved by employers, employees of Migration Service or police. In this case migrant workers do not know this falsity or validity of the documents. [3]
Simplification of the registration system, permits and restoring order in attracting labor migrants unfavorable majority number of people that receive dividends from participation in such procedures. A transparent, a simplified simple system of registration and obtaining permits will budget a lot of money.[3]As a result, corruption schemes Russian budget loses billions of rubles.
Legalization of the migrants not only generates income budget, but will also assist in their naturalization. According to the data of the Federal Migration Service there are 11 million foreign nationals in Russia including: 1.9 mln. work legally (have patents, work permit, residence permit), 3.8 million. - Persons residing in the territory of the Russian Federation that once have different goals that are not related to work activities as such as tourism, education, treatment, etc.
About 3 million people are so-called "illegals" without permits, about 2 million foreign citizens have the right to legally reside in the territory of the Russian Federation 90 days without registration permits (citizens of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine) [4].
However, one carried out mass raids of migrant workers in the country (including their places of residence) and most of them are deported without respect for the rule of law.[4]
Pogroms or natural "raid" by participation of the locals are becoming the norm against migrant workers. They are not uncommon eruption of violence against migrants. Nationalist groups of people are periodically attacked migrant workers, and the shooting spread in social networks and other Internet resources [5], for the purpose of intimidation and remind visitors that they are "strangers." Statistics reveal that the number of attacks and the number of victims is growing up every year [6].
It is no secret that the public opinion on migrant workers formed Mass media propaganda and it is apparent xenophobic. In this way political power is using subject of migration to remove attention from the social and economic issues. The problem of migration rises and spins only intermittently for example during the election companies.
But on the other hand, the authorities can not close the road in one fell swoop migrants who come from countries with visa-free regime. [7] Resort to such measures, and they can not for political and economic reasons. Statements of politicians to ban the entry and entry visas in relation to the CIS citizens are nothing more than populist statements and aim to earn political points. (Russia is seeking to integrate round itself many post-Soviet countries through economic, military-political alliances: the customs union, the SCO and the Eurasian Union)’
The statements of political actors and the media excite the public peace, create an image of the enemy, demonizing migrants and pave the way for hatred.
On the one hand, between local residents and migrants contradictions are growing due to the ethnic and cultural differences of the properties and their way of life, on the other hand, migrants are seen as a majority and growing element of society insecure, struggling going on contact with the host country[8]. For general security in a new place, migrants create community. Community of migrants rather closed and limited to outsiders, which complicates the process of their integration with society.
Unfortunately, there is no clear comprehensible migration policy in Russia yet. The current state of affairs in the area of migration of the Russian Federation can not talk about an effective and adequate migration policy interests of the country. Existing and applicable laws in the territory of the Russian Federation and one unable to represent a foundation for migration policy, which would define the basic principles of selection of potential candidates for the involvement of the country for permanent residence.
Also ensuring protection of migrants' rights, and should not be limited by human rights organizations, who should be able to protect the wider rights and interests of migrant workers, and the state, as one must take an interest in this matter.
Problems of migrant workers and migration policy should be discussed with civil society (with representatives of all sides). Postponing this issue and hope for self-regulation is not acceptable, it is fraught with conflicts and clashes between local residents and migrant workers.
Legislative, institutional, financial and information regulation of migration required to be improved in view of the problems encountered in the management of migration, as well as in ensuring the protection of their rights.
References
- www.socionavtika.narod.ru/Staty/Sociopraxis/dronova1.htm "The attitude of the local population towards migrants" Dronov I.; Poll Public Opinion Foundation http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10817; www.levada.ru; http://newsru.com/russia28nov
- Dmitriev AV Migration. Disputed measurement. M.2007
- Grigoriev M., Osinniki A. Illegal migrants in Moscow. M., 2009. P. 92.
- http://www.fms.ru
- http://www.youtube.com/watch=Fw-bQ00bhgE
- The All-Russian Public Movement Tajik Labor Migrants published a list of the dead http://tajmigrant.com/publik
- http://rus4all.ria.ru/information/20121016/723480408.html
- Brusin O.I. Problems on integration of Central Asian migrants in Russia http://www.baromig.ru/experts/stati-o-migratsii/problemy-integratsii-sredneaziatskikh-migrantov-v-rossii.php
[1] In 2013-2014, amendments were made to the 27 Russian legislation relating to migration.
[2] There is no exact data on the capacity of the market but some experts remarked that one occurs Sale of Forged Documents in the black-market of the Moscow region with annual sales of 300-400 million dollars.
[3] Entry the legal norm (work permit migrants, to patent not only individuals but also legal entities), In 2014 throughout 10 months budget revenues increased by 15 billion Rubles. 1900 patents were issued
[4] Many migrants find themselves in the lists of "undesirable" without trial, and many of them do not even know what it was closed to enter the territory of the Russian Federation. Russian authorities violate the most important international treaties: "International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families," adopted by the UN General Assembly resolution № 45/158 on 18 December; Declaration of protection of the rights of all migrant workers and their families "and the Convention on the Legal Status of Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families of the CIS member states on 14.11.2008