Methodological Approach

Data Scope

Language Focus

Limitations in Scalability

Key Advantages of the Proposed FakeKapcha Framework

Reference

Supervised Learning

Global Datasets

Primarily English

High computational cost and data imbalance

11-model ensemble; Russian dataset

Automated Heuristic Analysis

Localized Communities

Restricted Linguistic Support

Inefficient processing of non-standard vernacular and hybrid structures

Data-driven ML; VK-specific processing

Ensemble Machine Learning

Large-scale datasets

Multilingual/Regional

Adaptability issues regarding rapidly evolving disinformation tactics

Three-level output; integrated desktop tool