СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ АРАБСКИХ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В БРИТАНСКОМ И АМЕРИКАНСКОМ ВАРИАНТЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ПРОЦЕССЕ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

English, as an international language of communication, includes many concepts that may have different analogues and interpretations in other language communities. For example, the concept of freedom in English can have different connotations in different cultures, since freedom can be perceived differently in different sociocultural contexts. In the process of intercultural communication, it is important to take these differences into account for deeper understanding and interaction.

Comparisons of linguistic communities also reflect the influence of cultural values, traditions, and historical experiences on linguistic expression. For example, the concept of family in English may differ from concepts of family in other languages, since it may include different forms of kinship relationships, responsibilities and expectations in different cultures.

In the process of intercultural communication, it is necessary to take into account these differences for successful interaction and to avoid misunderstandings. This may require active learning and cultural awareness of other language communities, as well as the ability to find common ground and understanding.

The comparison of Arabisms in British and American English is a fascinating topic, reflecting the influence of Arabic culture on both varieties of English and their reception in different cultural contexts. Let's consider several examples of comparison of Arabisms in British and American English in the process of intercultural communication.

The process of intercultural communication and comparison of Arabisms in British and American English represents an opportunity to exchange cultural experiences, and it also promotes respect for cultural diversity and the development of effective intercultural communication skills.

A comparison of Arabisms in British and American English allows us to better understand the influence of Arabic culture on both varieties of language and their interpretation in different cultural contexts. This is important for successful interaction and communication between British and American cultural communities, as understanding these differences promotes respect for cultural diversity and promotes greater understanding between people from different countries and cultural communities.

Arabisms in British and American English can differ both in number and in semantic nuances. For example, in British English one may encounter the words souk "market", "bazaar" or shisha "water tube",

These morphological borrowings are actively used in modern English to form new scientific terms. For example, the semantics of the Greek prefix aero- (aer / air) determines the breadth of its use in aviation terminology and scientific discourses related to the use of gaseous substances: aero-optics “atmospheric optics”, aeroacoustics “aeroacoustics”, aeroallergen “aeroallergen” (pollen plants), aerobridge “telescopic gangway” (from the airport terminal to the aircraft)

The semantics of the Greek prefix allo- (alios / other)

The semantics of the Latin prefix audio- (audire / hear) largely determines the use of words formed with its help in physical, telecommunication, polytechnic and other discourses focused on the functioning and perception of sound: audio record “phonogram”, audio-typist “audio-scribe” (an employee typing printed text from an audio recording)

The semantics of the Greek prefix astro- (astron / star) predetermines the use of formed words in astronomical terminology: astro power “power with spaceships”, astrobiology “astrobiology”, astrodynamics “astrodynamics”

The Greek prefix auto- (autos / self) is closely associated with the automotive industry and other scientific discourses associated with automatic (not requiring time or thought) reaction: auto camera “car with a television camera”, “television car”, auto carrier “trailer for transporting cars”, autoanswer “automatic answer”, “auto answer”

The Greek prefix stereo- (stereos / stiff) is associated primarily with physics and chemistry: stereoscopic camera “stereoscopic camera”, “stereo camera”

One of the striking examples of Arabism in English is the word alcohol, which comes from the Arabic الكحول [al-kuḥl]. In British and American English the word means "spiritual drinks", however in American English the word liquor is often used to refer to spirits, while in British English liquor can mean "sauce" or "liquid"

This may lead to different interpretations and attitudes towards alcohol use in different cultural contexts.

Another example of Arabism in English is the word coffee, which comes from the Arabic قهوة [qahwah]. In British and American English, the word refers to a drink made from roasted and ground coffee beans. However, in intercultural communication it is worth considering that in the United States the more common use of the word coffee is to denote “black coffee,” while in the UK the term black coffee is more often used

This can cause misunderstandings when ordering drinks or discussing preferences in different cultural environments.

Another interesting example of Arabism is the word sugar, which comes from the Arabic سكر [sukkar]

Thus, the comparison of Arabisms in British and American English in the process of intercultural communication plays an important role in promoting intercultural dialogue, respect for cultural diversity and successful interaction between people from different linguistic communities. This contributes to the development of effective intercultural communication skills and broadening the horizons of understanding cultural connections and differences.