English
Русский
ADVANTAGES OF THE DEVICE LANDSCAPE-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF THE IRRIGATED LANDS OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
Introduction organization of landscape-экологиесого land in areas with a focus on their microclimatic features and common soil types.
Read MoreSTUDY OF THE FORMATION OF DUST IMPURITIES IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR ROADSIDE AREAS STREETS IN ORENBURG
The article deals with the problem of environmental pollution by road to the example of assessing the state of the roadside area of one of the streets of the city of Orenburg.
Read MoreHYDROENERGY RESOURCES OF ALTAI
In article considered the role of renewables in social and economic development of Altai Krai. The assessment is carried out of a hydroenergy potential of the rivers of mountain districts of the Altai Krai.
Read MoreRECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF PIPELINES TRANSPORTING HIGH-VISCOSITY OIL
It is a known fact that, at present, traditional oil reserves are being depleted and more and more attention is being paid to the development of deposits of hard–to–recover reserves, particularly high viscosity oil. The priority trajectories of the development of the oil and gas sector are the development of gas and oil pipeline networks, the development of gas and oil mineral resource centers connected to pipelines in the Nadym-Purskaya and Pur-Tazovskaya oil and gas regions, including the use of new technologies for the extraction and development of underlying reservoirs, as well as hard-to-recover oil reserves. It is possible to ensure the fulfillment of these strategic tasks in terms of oil transport by developing scientifically based approaches to the rational delivery of oil from the field to the existing highways. Today, the solution recognized by the expert community is an aboveground routing using extended electric heating systems. The article presents recommendations for improving the efficiency of operation of aboveground high-viscosity oil pipelines equipped with an electric heating system. The authors also present an algorithm for calculating the pressure decrease in a stopped oil pipeline during the operation of oil pipelines in two cases: for a pinched and non-pinched oil pipeline. In addition, the article presents a program for studying the operating modes of a non-isothermal oil pipeline.
Read MoreWAVELET ANALYSIS OF THE LONG-TERM DISPLACEMENT OF THE EARTH’S NORTH POLE
The current article uses the EOP (IERS) C 01, which is a series of Earth orientation parameters set at an interval of 0.1 years for the period from 1846 to 1889 and 0.05 years for the interval from 1890 to the present. In the conditions of insufficient observational data in the past, the analysis of long-term series of pole coordinates is based on the extensive use of model representations of its real displacement, taking into account the internal connections inherent in the rotation of the Earth.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the inhomogeneous series of coordinates of EOP (IERS) C 01 using a relatively new mathematical apparatus of wavelets. Using this method, a spatiotemporal spectral structure and a long-term trend are obtained for the data for the period from 1846 to the present.
Decomposing the time series into the time-frequency space, the article determines both the dominant fluctuations with periods of 85.5 ± 0.5, 56 ± 0.5, 33 and 21 years, and how these fluctuations change over time.
Read MoreCHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN CORE SAMPLES EXTRACTED FROM A ROCK MASS
The purpose of the study is to assess the degree of change in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks extracted from the depth of their natural occurrence, from the time they were on the daytime surface. The main objective of the research is to perform a study of the physical and mechanical properties of core samples, starting from the moment of its extraction from the well to the surface, at regular intervals using the express method.
In the course of experimental studies, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks were tested immediately after the core was extracted to the surface, then the measurements continued at intervals of 2 hours. The research demonstrates irreversible changes in the physical and mechanical properties from the residence time of core samples on the daylight surface ranging from 2 to 4 hours depending on the lithological type of rocks.
Read MoreANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES OF THE “DENEZHKIN KAMEN” NATURE RESERVE
The landscape structure of a territory allows for a comprehensive assessment of the features of the restoration of natural resources. The “Denezhkin Kamen” nature reserve was created to protect the poorly modified mountain mid-taiga landscapes of the NorthernUrals. The purpose of the study is to assess the degree of anthropogenic impact on the landscapes of the reserve in the past and to identify the features of the dynamics of their restoration. The spatial structure of the territory is reflected on the landscape map compiled according to the methodology of A. G. Isachenko and V. I. Prokaev based on the results of many years of field research. In addition to the indigenous ones, the map for the first time fully reflects the characteristics of anthropogenic facies and anthropogenic modifications. The maximum number of anthropogenic changes was detected in the southern part of the reserve, for which an enlarged fragment of the map is shown. Anthropogenic modifications are located mainly in the mountain-taiga belt and belong to two classes of medium-and highly modified facies. These are overgrown areas of forests and clearings after continuous and selective logging, the outskirts of unpaved forest roads, overgrown hay meadows and deposits on the site of rural settlements with adjacent agricultural land, and areas of meadows with weed vegetation on the site of settlements with scattered buildings, vegetable gardens and homesteads. Anthropogenic facies are represented by drainage polygons in the floodplains of rivers and on the floodplain terraces in the valley of the Solva River.
Read MoreON THE SHORT-TERM FORECAST OF EARTHQUAKES BY GEOPHYSICAL PRECURSORS IN SOUTH YAKUTIA
The aim of the study is to assess the possibility of a short-term forecast of earthquakes based on geophysical precursors in a particular region. The main task to be solved during the research is to establish the relationship between geodynamic processes in the Earth’s crust and non-periodic variations of geophysical fields. In the course of the research, a complex of geophysical and seismological studies was carried out, which made it possible to identify the geophysical precursors of earthquakes, establish their relationship with seismic activity and predict earthquakes. By interpreting the foreshocks preceding earthquakes, the study predicts approximate coordinates of the earthquake epicenter, the time of occurrence and its energy class.
Read MoreLEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE RECLAMATION OF ILLEGAL LANDFILLS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA (BELGRADE)
The negative consequences of uncontrolled landfills are most felt by people living near them. Uncontrolled landfills not only spoil the image of Belgrade but also have an extremely adverse effect on its environment affecting the growth of the number of rodents and pollute the soil. Based on the collected and processed data, the article describes the current environmental situation in the locations of uncontrolled landfills in Belgrade, suggests approaches to solving the problem, conducts a comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of landfill remediation with the extraction of secondary fractions and without extraction, also calculates the costs and net economic result for urban municipalities during the reclamation of uncontrolled landfills.
Read MoreA PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING WIND SPEED IN A JOINT GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL
The article examines a predictive model of the global climate of intermediate complexity, consisting of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the world ocean with a real configuration of depths and continents, a model of the evolution of sea ice and a two-dimensional model of the atmosphere of balance and transfer of moisture and heat. The study proposes a procedure for determining the wind velocity field from the distribution of the surface temperature of the atmosphere based on the geostrophic approach, taking into account the thermal component of the wind and introducing a friction mechanism on the underlying surface. This allows for accurately describing the field of wind speeds depending on the characteristics of the climate system. The authors of the article present the results of numerical experiments using this procedure for modeling climate changes with an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the 21st century.
Read MoreAN IDENTIFICATION OF PROMISING AREAS FOR THE SEARCH FOR HYDROCARBONS VIA POTENTIAL FIELDS IN OF IRKUTSK OBLAST
The purpose of this article is to examine the structure of the crystalline basement and sedimentary basin of the northern part of Irkutsk Oblast and to establish promising areas for hydrocarbons for further detailing work.
To achieve this objective, the authors process and interprets gravimagnetic data and their transformants using specialized geophysical software. As a result of the interpretation of these potential fields, the study establishes patterns that link the transformations of potential fields with hydrocarbon deposits and allow for building a relative forecast map for localizing areas that are promising for further study and development.
Read MoreWINTER PERIODS IN THE VISTULA LAGOON (THE BALTIC SEA) ACCORDING TO METEOROLOGICAL DATA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2011 TO 2021
To characterize the water exchange in the Vistula Lagoon, the current study analyzes air temperature, wind speeds and directions in winter conditions for the period of potentially possible ice cover from December to March from 2011 to 2021. The wind rose for 10 years for this territory is compared with the long-term wind rose in the South-Eastern Baltic. Winters are divided by severity into mild (2013-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2018–2019, 2019–2020), moderate (2011-2012, 2017–2018, 2020–2021) and severe ones (2012-2013). No meteorological winters were recorded in 2014-2015 and 2019–2020, short winters were observed in 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2015–2016, intermediate winters were recorded in 2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2020–2021, and long winters were recorded in 2012–2013.
Read MoreDIRECT SIGNS OF OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL (GAS SHOW AND BITUMEN) IN THE NORTHEAST OF YAKUTIA AND THE ADJACENT EAST SIBERIAN SHELF
The northern territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the adjacent shelves of the Arctic seas are undoubtedly promising in terms of oil and gas potential.
The article presents the results of summarizing numerous data conducted in different years of research on surface geochemical testing of rocks, waters, gases under the program of direct oil and gas prospecting. The spread of scattered bitumen occurrences over vast territories is undoubted evidence of the large hydrocarbon potential of the Arctic regions of Yakutia. The research results show many manifestations of gases, oils, bitumen, which, due to insufficient data on the north-eastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), indicate the possibility of opening predicted hydrocarbon deposits in this location.
Read MoreA GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BAYMOUTH DEPOSITS IN THE VISTULA LAGOON
The article presents the results of granulometric and geochemical analyses of bottom sediments of the inner bar of the Vistula Lagoon. The results are compared with the background values of the bottom sediments of the Vistula Lagoon and the Baltic Sea. The deposits of the inner bar do not consist of 100% sand deposits. The content of heavy metals and petroleum products does not exceed the limit level of contamination, for a number of pollutants, a decrease in concentrations was noted in the direction from the gulf to the sea. The material buried within the bar belongs to Class 0 and can be used without restrictions for alluvial areas, dumping into water bodies, and for other economic purposes.
Read MoreAVERAGE ANNUAL DISCHARGE OF THE PREGOLYA AND DEYMA RIVERS IN THE PERIOD FROM 1990 TO 2020
The problem of separating the flow of the Pregolya river into the receiving reservoirs of the Vistula and Curonian Lagoons through the arms of the Lower Pregolya and Deyma is closely related to the theoretical possibility of the flow of brackish waters of the Vistula Lagoon up the Lower Pregolya arm to the city of Gvardeysk and further through the Deyma arm to the Curonian Lagoons. The article features an analysis of the flow rate of the Pregolya river and the proportion of its distribution over two branches for the period 1990-2020. The study utilizes the data of daily measurements of the incoming flow of the Pregolya River and the flow through the Deyama arm obtained from the stream gauges of the Kaliningrad Hydrometeorological Center. Also, the authors discuss the average annual values of runoff, maximum and minimum expenses per year, the proportion of flow separation between the arms. During the period under study, the water flow of the Pregolya river and its branches (Lower Pregolya and Deyma) changed more than 100 times. Such significant ranges of changes in the flow rates of the Pregolya River and its arms are directly related to the seasonal temperature regime and the variability of the amount of precipitation in the form of snow or rain. It is determined that the average annual water flow rate of the Pregolya river for the period under study is very close to the average long-term value of the 1950s and is 81.1 m3/s. The distribution of the Pregolya river runoff in the Lower Pregolya and Deyma arms depends approximately equally on two main factors: the runoff from the Pregolya river catchment and the water retention (level) in the receiving reservoirs. A significant trend for the average annual discharge of the Pregolya river for the period from 1990 to 2020 has not been identified.
Read MoreHYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE EASTERN ORENBURG OBLAST
The paper presents an analysis of the main hydrogeological divisions of underground waters developed in the semi-arid climate of the central part of the territory of the Eastern Orenburg Oblast. The relevance of the research lies in the need to assess underground water for the drinking water supply of the rural population. The study carries out an analysis of the main aquifers and their connection with the water-bearing rocks, determines the geological and paleotectonic structure of the territory, and examines the connection of underground waters with the weathering crust in the zone where the water is salted.
Read MoreIMPACT OF VAKHITOVSKY OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT ON THE UNDERGROUND HYDROSPHERE OF ORENBURG OBLAST
The increase in mining and processing of minerals in recent years leads to an increase in the anthropogenic load on the underground hydrosphere and its main component – underground water. Man-made impacts cause changes in the quality of groundwater and depletion of its reserves. The purpose of this study is to assess the state of underground water in the area of intensive development of the Vakhitovsky oil field based on the results of monitoring on the observation networks of this field. The study determines that there are excess indicators of the chemical composition of underground water, such as iron, manganese, petroleum products, and chlorides. It is recommended to expand the underground water monitoring network, modernize production with its transfer to low-waste technologies, and conduct territorial planning for the placement of productive forces and production facilities.
Read MoreFORMATION OF AIR TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES OVER THE LAPTEV SEA IN THE COLD SEASON
Currently, seasonal forecasts of air temperature anomalies in the Arctic seas of the Siberian shelf are becoming particularly relevant due to the beginning of an intensive, year-round operation of the Northern Sea Route. The article conducts a statistical analysis of interannual fluctuations of air temperature anomalies over the Laptev Sea, their connection with macrosynoptic processes over the Arctic, and the identification of dependencies that can be used in the management of seasonal forecasts during the cold period of the year. It is found that the air temperature anomalies over the Laptev Sea are well correlated with each other. The calculation made using the autoregressive integrated moving average model demonstrates that in the next five years, the trend of the formation of positive average seasonal anomalies over most of the Laptev Sea area will continue.
Read MoreMAPPING OF PHYTOPHENOLOGICAL PHENOMENA AND BIOCLIMATIC INDICATORS IN THE REGIONAL LANDSCAPES OF THE URALS
The current article examines the results of phenological mapping of seasonal natural phenomena in the landscape provinces of the Northern, Middle and Southern Urals. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of climate change on seasonal dynamics. The article analyzes the history of the issue, which dates back more than 150 years. The authors of the study introduce an original methodology, which includes the stages of creating a database (collecting and processing primary data in the form of attribute tables), analyzing metadata, typological classification, selection of software, mapping methods and tools. The results of mapping are considered as an element of geomodeling the dynamic states of regional geosystems of the Urals. The maps were compiled using data from archival documents of the Russian Geographical Society network, materials of nature reserves, as well as expedition research of the Urals from 1925 to 2019. In the course of the study, the authors identify negative trends of changes in the development of the parts of birch trees that are responsible for photosynthesis, indicating a shift in the timing of the onset of seasonal phenomena to earlier ones. The article focuses on mapping the bioclimatic indicators for the regional landscapes (landscape provinces) of the Urals, which characterize the stages of the season.
Read MoreSHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF THE DISCHARGE ON THE SAMUR RIVER
The current article presents the results of the discharge forecasts of the Samur river with a lead time of one day. The study examines the predictive models developed at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University. The models are first-and second-order differential equations that take into account the intensity of snowmelt, the properties of the underlying surface, and the amount of precipitation over the lead time. These models are applied to the Samur river, which flows through mountainous terrain. The study finds that the most effective equation is the second-order one, which takes into account the different velocities of the surface and subsurface runoff. Also, the authors determine that with a small lead time, the model parameters can be optimized with the loss of their physical meaning.
Read More
