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SULFURIC ACID – PROSPECTS AND METHODS UTILIZATION IN ASTRAKHAN GAS CONDENSATE FIELD
Promising source of natural gas in Russia are Astrakhan fields. But production capacity at these fields is constrained by problems, which are caused by an abnormally high concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the formation fluid. One solution to this situation is the development of technology for utilization of acid gases to produce electricity and sulfuric acid. Analysis of the production and consumption of sulfuric acid in the domestic and global scales revealed wide possibilities of using prospective volume of sulfuric acid. There is the possibility of intensifying production of raw materials for oil and gas fields, the production of various types of products and raw materials for the implementation and use in various industries.
Read MoreFEATURES OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE WATERS AND BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN RIVERS AND LAKES OF KHMAD-YUGRA
The paper considers the chemical composition of surface waters (rivers and lakes) and bottom sediments in the Khanty-Mansyisk Autonomous District-Yugra, reveals the conditions for the formation of the chemical composition of water and the transition of chemical elements from liquid to a solid phase. A technique for analyzing the chemical composition of surface water and bottom sediments based on the combined use of cluster and correlation analysis methods is presented in the paper. The relationships between chemical elements in the water, bottom sediment system are studied as well.
Read MoreORE-GRADE GOLD MINERALIZATION IN PRECEMBRIAN METAMORPHIC COMPLEXES OF CENTRAL ALDAN
Ore-grade gold mineralization localized in Precambrian complexes is known on most of the crystal shields of our planet. The new genetic type of ore-grade gold mineralization has been discovered in the field of development of Precambrian metamorphic formations in recent years, as a result of exploration in the central part of the Aldan shield. This paper is a continuation of the studies of the gold content of Precambrian formations of the Aldan-Stan shield. This paper presents data on the composition and structure of the pegmatoid gold ore bodies of the deposit named after P. Pinigin localized exclusively in the bases of the tholeiitic series.
Read MoreSOME FEATURES OF GOLD DEPOSITS FORMATION OF KHAKANJA, MNOGOVERSHINNOYE AND BELAYA GORA (RUSSIA)
The analysis of the materials collected by the authors of this paper on the Khakanja and Mnogovershinnoye deposits, as well as those published by predecessors on the same deposits and the Belaya Gora deposit, made it possible to clarify their genesis. The common features of the genesis of these deposits are as follows: 1) a genetic connection with magma pockets and with volcanic processes; 2) the formation of gold ore mineralization took place at the final stages of volcanism in spatial and temporal connection with the formation of subvolcanic and extrusive bodies; 3) the localization of deposits and ore bodies in the most tectonically disturbed rock blocks under the screens of poorly permeable rocks of the upper volcanic cover; 4) the formation of mineralization was carried out by deep magmatogenic fluids in permeable magma and fluid conductors, directly in the thermal fields of subvolcanic and extrusive bodies in a dynamic tectonic regime.
Distinctive features of their formation are as follows: the Belaya Gora deposit was formed following the extrusion formation, which was a screen for incoming deep fluids, as well as an additional heat energy generator to increase fluid pressure, which contributed to the formation of hydraulic fractures in the host rocks, explosive necca brecciation and interstratal mineralization at the Pologii site, under the cover rock screen. The Khakanja deposit was formed near the paleovolcano necca in a shallow zone of the interformational tectonic breakdown of volcanic strata. The Mnogovershinnoye deposit was formed in steeply shielded magma and fluid conductors during the accumulation and convection of fluids in the thermal fields of subvolcanic bodies.
Read MoreTECHNOGENIC MINERAL FORMATIONS AND WATERS OF SOME DEPOSITS IN NORTHERN ITALY
The basic features of the geological structure and material complexes of Northern Italy are shown in the paper. They were studied under the project in conducting research on the noble metal mineralization of technogenic and mineral formations of the International Perm Group of the Perm Region. The authors considered the processes of technogenesis and technogeogenesis, which are typical for technogenic and mineral formations and process waters. Experimental data were obtained on the deposition and enlargement of nanogold particles from solutions on coals, which are the basis for the development of technologies for the development of hydromineral raw materials generated from industrial waters within gold-bearing technogenic and mineral formations.
Read MoreON GEOLOGY OF THE VUKTYL STRUCTURE
Based on the integrated studies the paper presents new ideas of the geology of the identified deposit in the autochtonous area of the Vuktyl structure section. The aim of this study is to determine new petroleum potential of the Vuktyl field.
Read MorePAST EXPERIENCE AND JUSTIFICATION OF TOPICALITY OF MINI-OIL REFINERIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF YAKUTIA AT PRESENT STAGE
This paper is devoted to the development and rational use of oil resources of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The history of revealing the first oil deposits in the republic and the history of the development of the oil refining complex in the republic are considered in this work. The rationale for the topicality of oil refining with the construction of high-tech oil refining industries in the republic, a mini-refinery is described for the short term. The scientific forecast about the presence of a number of new oil-bearing regions in the republic is given. The stated results of the study convincingly prove that the republic’s oil resources are sufficient for the formation of an oil refining industry. This, ultimately, will radically change the economic complex of the whole republic.
Read MoreGOLD MINERALIZATION OF NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC OBJECTS OF THE PLACER GOLD OF THE MARAKAN RIVER (EASTERN SIBERIA)
The authors analyzed the conditions for the formation of gold on the Marakan River as well as technogenic and mineral formations that arose during the development of the placer. The formation of placer gold and man-made mineral formations was influenced by the processes of decomposition of gold-bearing sulfides and the redistribution of released gold from solutions. After mining the placer, the oxidation of sulfides continues along with the release of the gold contained in them. In acidic man-made waters, gold moves in dissolved form, precipitation and restoration of the metallic phases of gold take place. Based on the study of free gold and the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of chemogenic and biogenic precipitated gold, it was concluded that the technogenic dumps of the Marakan deposit may have zones of increased concentration of newly formed free gold.
Read MoreDEPENDENCE OF STANDARD OF FINENESS OF FREE GOLD OF HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS ON COMPOSITION OF HOST ROCKS
It is generally believed that the standard of fineness of gold of hydrothermal deposits is determined by the types of sources of the initial fluids, the ratios of Au and Ag in them, P, T and the depths of deposits formation as well as the composition of the host mineral paragenesis. This study shows the decisive role of an additional factor and namely the alkalinity of ore-bearing rocks. In the process of presternal and synergistic metasomatosis, they can additionally enrich deep Na or K fluids, which, in turn, can significantly change the solubility of Au and Ag in them. Using the example of three gold ore deposits, the following relationship is established. Terrigenous rocks of Na-K specialization of the Tokur deposit (Russia) have slightly changed the Na/K ratio in the initial potassium fluids; as a result, intermediate and low-grade gold was deposited in ores (811–691 %). The fluids of the Odolgo (Russia) and Kalgoorlie (Australia) deposits, which were formed in the Na specialization rocks, were significantly enriched in sodium during metasomatosis. The standard of fineness of gold deposited in the ores of these deposits is above 900 %
Read MoreOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF TECHNOSPHERIC FIRES: EXPERIENCE OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Technospheric fires are considered as one of the risks to the sustainable development of the Russian regions. Spatial differentiation of their frequency is associated with a number of socio-economic characteristics of the areas that directly or indirectly describe the susceptibility of their infrastructure to fires and the degree of risk-taking behavior among the population. Numerical analysis for the period of 2007-2016 was performed. For the country as a whole, the overall crime rate, per capita sales of vodka, specific number of disabled people, and people living in nursing homes, the level of per capita income relative to the subsistence minimum were significant characteristics. In the groups of regions ranked by the deviation from the average population, the significance of these indicators is not the same. In certain ranking groups, socio-economic indicators that did not describe the country as a whole turned out to be significant: share of dilapidated housing and housing equipped with central heating, share of people registered as alcoholics, the level of actual final consumption and unemployment.
Read MoreGEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR SEARCH OF PLACER GOLD IN WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA
Geomorphological studies carried out in one of the areas of the West Transbaikalia of placer gold revealed the existence of links between the morphology of the river valleys, in particular the nature of longitudinal profiles of streams of different orders with the results of heavy concentrate shooting. The most significant convergence found for channel flow II-III orders regardless of slope exposure and rock-mineral composition of rocks eroded.
Read MoreCONTENT OF METALS IN YANYGHULPYA RIVER ON THE TERRITORY OF THE KHMAO-UGRA
The article contains the results of studies of the chemical composition of natural waters and bottom sediments of one of the tributaries of the river basin of North Sosva – Yanyghulpya River. The increased concentrations of the analysed parameters in surface waters are mainly due to natural origin in the context of the increasing influence of the oil and gas complex on the environment. Conducted studies enable the estimation of the presence of anthropogenic effects on water bodies and establish the relationship between the chemical composition of water and alluvial sediments.
Read MoreNATURAL ELECTRIC FIELDS OF ELECTROKINETIC NATURE OF GATCHINA SOURCES
The paper shows the results of studying the natural electric field of electrokinetic origin. The works were carried out on a site with pronounced activity and relative stability of filtration processes near one of the “Gatchina geysers.” The sources are self-bottling wells operating almost continuously for several decades. The study includes the research of the potential of the natural electric field profile and azimuth observations. The results show the presence of weak anomalies with an amplitude of up to 12 mV. The configuration of negative anomalies corresponds to what is expected in the presence of filtration processes in the direction “from the reservoir.” The local elongated anomalies of the positive sign correspond, in the authors’ opinion, to the faults in the underlying limestone deposits where downward filtration occurs. Azimuth measurements correspond to the results of the profile and allow identifying the direction and intensity of filtration processes in the local area.
Read MoreON AGE OF SEDIMENTATION MASSES OF VALLEY OF SELENGA RIVER (WESTERN TRANSBAIKAL)
The terraced complex of Selenga river is mainly characterized by aquatic environments of sedimentation. According to lithofacies and paleo-hydrological analyzes, high terraced levels are characterized by lake-river origin. The formation of their sedimentary masses occurred in the lower-middle neopleistocene, as evidenced by radio-thermoluminescent dating. Low floodplain terraces of alluvial genesis were formed in the Late Neopleistocene. The revealed patterns of sedimentogenesis are similar to the processes of sedimentation in intermontane troughs of the Baikal rift zone and indicate the unity of regional cycles of Quaternary sediments formation in the Baikal and Transbaikal [7, p. 30].
Read MoreHOLOCENE EOLIAN MORPHOLITHOGENESIS IN RIFT VALLEYS OF NORTH-EASTERN BRANCH OF BAIKAL RIFT AREA
Land deflation in Western Transbaikalia in the middle of the 20th century happened largely due to anthropogenic factors. Small centers of bare moving sands remained to the north, in the western part of the Stanovoy Highlands, in the system of the Muya rift valleys, as they were not influenced by anthropogenic impact. It was established that in the mountain-taiga zone, under favorable geomorphological conditions, with small winds, small areas of bare moving sand can form. But modern climatic conditions contribute to the self-overgrowing of such areas, and this indicates that global warming has not yet led to aridization of the climate in the region under consideration.
Read MoreNEW GEOCHRONOLOGY DATA ON EOCENE-OLIGOCENE VOLCANISM OF KRASKIN RIFT-RELATED BASIN (SOUTH-WESTERN PRIMORYE)
K/Ar and Up/Pb (by zircon) isotope-geochronological study of volcanic rocks of the Kraskin rift-related basin in the south-west of Primorye was carried out. A representative collection of specimens from stratotypic (support) sections of Zaisan basalt-andesite-dacite and Krasin dacite-rhyolite complexes was studied. Based on the data obtained, an assumption was made about the possible manifestation of two volcanic impulses – approximately 55.5 and 43.8 – 33.5 million years ago. It is shown that the main stage of active volcanism within the basin lasts for about 10 million years – from 43.8 to 33.5 million years ago, which was characterized by the synchronous eruption of volcanic rocks of basic and acidic composition.
Read MoreGENETIC FEATURES OF JAMGYR DEPOSIT (WESTERN TIEN-SHAN) RESEARCH ARTICLE
The article is devoted to the studies of the genesis of Jamgyr gold deposit, based on the data from the study of its mineralogical, tectonophysical, thermodynamic, geochemical features and literature data on similar geological objects. The stages of the deposit formation are highlighted, the main physicochemical parameters of ore formation are determined. As a result of research, it was suggested that there are ore bodies of different genetic types within the same deposit.
Read MoreON ORIGIN OF PRECAMBRIAN IRON-ORE PRODUCTS OF KMA
The paper presents a number of hypotheses on the formation of ferruginous quartzites of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) on the example of the Mikhailovsky field. Terrigenous-sedimentary, volcanogenic-sedimentary, metasomatic, magmatogenic, and cosmogonic hypotheses of the formation of glandular precambrian glandular horizons are considered. The article presents the results of a study of the genetic conditions of the origin of ferruginous quartzites by conducting vacuum-deciptometric studies. According to the results, it is revealed that ferruginous quartzites are of polygenic origin.
Read MoreTYPOMORPHIC FEATURES OF SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS AND POSSIBLE WAYS OF TECHNOGENIC CONTAMINATION OF NATURAL OBJECTS
Widespread use of synthetic diamonds as an abrasive material and the appearance of synthetic diamonds on the market of jewelry is currently a serious problem as there is a possibility of changing the pricing policy on the diamond market and the risk of contamination of natural objects when looking for new primary diamond deposits. This paper discusses the main typo-morphic features of the most widespread brands of synthetic diamonds and proposes criteria to identify the authenticity of primary diamonds of known and new genetic types and eliminate the possibility of inappropriate expenditure of funds for the study and exploration of unreliable objects.
Read MoreCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATER OF MAN-MADE WATER BASES OF EASTERN TRANSBAIKAL
The chemical composition of waters of the open-cut lakes of six ore deposits located in the Transbaikal region was studied. The maximum degree of anomaly is characterized by the water in the quarries of deposits containing an increased amount of sulphide minerals in the ores and host rocks. They are acidic and strongly acidic with a high content of sulfates and heavy metals (Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, etc.) and mineralization of more than 2–3 g/l of water. The study of the distribution of the elements in the water column of one of the open-cut lakes showed a significant vertical heterogeneity, which is reflected in a significant increase with the depth of water mineralization, the concentrations of sulfates, iron, zinc, lead, arsenic and aluminum.
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