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GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON WATER BODIES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ECOREHABILITATION OF SMALL LAKES ON THE EXAMPLE OF LAKE BANNOVSKOYE
Laishevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, adjacent to the city of Kazan, is currently being actively built up. The consequences of anthropogenic impact are a reduction in the area of catchments, a decrease in surface runoff and groundwater supply, leading to a reduction in the area and depth of lakes, a decrease in water levels, siltation, waterlogging, eutrophication and pollution. Based on the analysis of satellite images in the Laishevsky district, more than 170 lakes with an area of 0.006 to 92.8 hectares were identified. The main group of lakes is very small, with an area of up to 1 ha (101 lakes), which makes them very vulnerable to anthropogenic impact. The problem of lake degradation is shown by the example of Lake Bannovskoye in the village . Usada. Bannovskoye Lake is characterized by a decrease in the level, a reduction in the area, siltation, a decrease in water quality, water pollution with petroleum products, APAV and heavy metals, loss of recreational and economic value. Preventive and restorative measures are recommended for the lake.
Read MoreEVALUATION OF INFLUENCE OF WATER ON RESIDUAL MELT-CONTAINING OLIVINE GLASS COMPOSITION IN BASALT IN CALDERA OF VOLCANOS OF MEDVEZHYA, SMALLER BROTHER (ITURUP ISLAND)
This paper presents the results of composition of residual melting glass in olivine from magnesial postcaldera basalt determination of the Smaller Brother volcano, Iturup Island. According to energy-dispersion spectrometry, the residual glass is very different from the original primitive liquids and is enriched with Al2O3 and SiO2 compared to the latter. Besides, these glass compositions have a significant amount of oxide deficiency. It is most likely to happen with high initial water concentrations in extracted melting. The presence of water in the glass is confirmed by the Raman spectroscopy method. The accumulation of water due to the crystallization of the olivine host on the walls can delay the crystallization of plagioclases and contribute to the accumulation of alumina in later, residual portions of the extracted melting.
Read MoreRESERVES AND NEW PROSPECTS OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS OF THE REPUBLIC OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA
The paper discusses the issues of changes in the level of oil production in recent years and a review of the geological structure of the oil margin of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. An analysis of the materials of the predecessors shows that the region has large volumes of oil and gas reserves, which have presented interest for investment for many years. Today, the country has more than 1.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves and approximately 1.1 billion barrels of crude oil. As the Minister of Mining and Hydrocarbons of Equatorial Guinea (MMH) actively campaigns to increase investment in new exploration and production prospects to stimulate the development of large-scale projects, the new Hydrocarbon Law will stimulate the progress of the oil and gas industry, encouraging investment and accelerating the development of the energy sector. Equatorial Guinea’s economy is heavily dependent on the oil and gas industry, which accounts for more than 60% of its gross domestic product (GDP), 80% of its tax revenues and 86% of its exports in 2015, according to the latest estimates from official reports of the International Monetary Fund. The prospects for growth, including the development of oil, natural gas and other mineral resources, are being investigated. At the same time, in recent years there has been a decline in GDP due to a drop in revenues from the production of hydrocarbons. Also, the reason for this may be the low activity of the discovery of new oil and gas deposits, which does not allow for the intensive development of the mineral resource base of hydrocarbons.
Read MoreSUPERGENE FEATURES OF THE DZHAMGYR DEPOSIT (WESTERN TIEN-SHAN)
The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the fact that while the deposit under study is currently being developed, the features of the supergenic distribution of gold are not taken into account. An analysis of the conditions of ore localization will allow for paying attention to the features of the distribution of gold in ore bodies. The methodology included field methods of mapping the deposit as well as the mineralogical-petrographic, tectonophysical, geochemical methods, and the use of the LMA-10 laser microspectral analyzer. The purpose of the study is to obtain data on the features of the distribution of gold in the supergene zone of the quartz-vein deposit. As a result, the authors distinguish morphological types of gold – scattered, primary and supergenic. The study also establishes quantitative values of gold in galena, pyrite, limonite and determines the nature of the distribution of the probity of gold at different depths of the deposit. Zones of oxidation, leaching, and secondary gold enrichment are identified and characterized both for quartz veins while also providing prognoses for other ore bodies of the multi-tiered mineralization of the deposit. Conclusions: the boundaries of supergene zones based on workings crossing ore bodies are established or assumed, recommendations for the development of the deposit are given.
Read MoreEULER DECONVOLUTION IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA OF POTENTIAL FIELDS OF THE KAZAN-KAZHIMSKY AULACOGEN
The Euler deconvolution method is used for quantitative interpretation of potential field data, namely gravity and magnetic survey. This method allows for obtaining data on the location depth of special points corresponding to anomalous objects. For sources corresponding to discontinuous disturbances and boundaries of large blocks, the “contact” type of sources is used (structural indices for gravity and magnetic data 0 and 1, respectively) or “linear source” – structural indices 1 and 2. The specified algorithm was tested on a test model object and applied to identify deep discontinuities of the Kazan-Kazhimsky aulacogen and the adjacent territory. The Kazan-Kazhimsky aulacogen is a large buried trough located within the Eastern European Platform. The sole of the Kazan-Kazhimsky trough has not been reliably studied by drilling, so there is no reliable information about the graben amplitude. The aulacogen is traced from the city of Kazan to the village of Kazhim of the Komi Republic, the length is more than 700 km, the depth is estimated in the first kilometers. The control of the oil and gas potential of the work area is associated with the laying of aulacogen, and therefore its study is of practical interest.
Read MoreAGRO- NATURAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL VALDAI OF PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCE TVER REGION
Within the Valdai physiographic province of installed most prospective the administrative areas of Tver region on the use local natural resources (peat, lake sapropel) in the agricultural sector.
Read MoreA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PYRITE-BEARING VOLCANOGENIC FORMATIONS OF THE BLAKSKY ZONE AND THE EAST URAL UPLIFT
Currently, in Orenburg Oblast, as well as in the Urals as a whole, there is a great need for the reproduction of copper ore reserves as a result of the intensive and prolonged development of large pyrite deposits. In light of this fact, there was a need to re-evaluate the promising areas for pyrite mineralization; however, there are many insufficiently studied areas, which include the Blaksky zone. The aim of this study is to identify the features of copper-crusted mineralization of the Blaksk structural-formation block of the East Ural trough. The provided data on the localization levels and evolution of pyrite mineralization of the East Ural trough on the example of the Blaksky deposit show an increase in the content of lead and zinc in relation to copper from the lower tier to the upper, as well as laterally in the eastern direction. The data confirm this pattern in comparison with the deposits of the East Ural uplift. The same pattern is typical for the East Ural deflection. This allows the authors to consider this territory as promising for pyrite polymetallic mineralization.
Read MoreON THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CLINOPYROXENE IN THE DIKE COMPLEXES OF THE KATSDAG-KEKHNAMEDAN ZONE IN THE EASTERN SEGMENT OF THE GREATER CAUCASUS
The article examines the typomorphic features of pyroxenes in rocks of the Katsdag-Kehnamedan zone dyke complexes of different ages in the Eastern segment of the Greater Caucasus based on the results of microprobe and microscopic studies. It is established that in all varieties of rocks of dyke complexes of different ages, pyroxenes are represented by augite and less often by magnesian augite, they are characterized by low titanicity and alumina content. However, it should be noted that clinopyroxenes in rocks of different age are characterized by specific features due to the thermodynamic regimes of their formation. They also reveal the complex nature of the formation of dyke complexes, which differ in the physicochemical conditions of the evolution of a mafic melt with a characteristic ore specialization.
Read MoreLIQUIDATION OF POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER AND SOILS WITH OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS (EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS)
The article investigates the elimination of pollution of groundwater and soil petroleum products, by the example of Ishimbai in the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Read MoreTHE EFFECT OF INSOLATION ON THE BIOACCESSIBILITY OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER AND RELATED METALS IN THE WATER OF THE SENGA RIVER
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the chemical composition of natural waters of boreal ecosystems. The main factors of DOM transformation are sunlight and the microbial complex.
Conducting a full-scale experiment with the water of the Senga River allowed for identifying the effect of insolation on the biodegradation of the initial dissolved organic matter and related metals. The study demonstrates that mainly low-molecular compounds undergo biodegradation. During insolation, about a third of the DOM passed into a higher molecular weight form (>0.22 microns) or was mineralized to CO>2 and HCO3-. As a result of photo-and biodegradation, large (>0.22 microns) organo-mineral compounds are formed as iron hydroxides, stabilized humic substances, with which Al, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb can also be co-deposited. At the same time, the content of low-molecular (<1 kDa) and therefore more bioaccessible compounds Co and Ni are observed to be on the increase.
Read MoreGEOLOGICAL AND FIELD JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL, TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENOMANIAN GAS DEPOSITS IN CONDITIONS OF REDUCED RESERVOIR PRESSURE IN THE URENGOY GAS FIELD)
Due to the increasing depletion of oil fields over the past two decades, the primary task of fuel and energy companies is to assess the criteria for determining the effectiveness of the development of Cenomanian gas deposits in reduced reservoir pressure. There are technological, technical and economic criteria for development.
This article discusses the geological and field justification of technological and technical and economic criteria for the development of Cenomanian gas deposits in conditions of reduced reservoir pressure using the Urengoy gas field as a primary example.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the technological, technical and economic criteria for the development of Cenomanian gas deposits under conditions of reduced reservoir pressure.
The current research has the following objectives:
– characterize the criteria for the development of Cenomanian gas deposits in conditions of reduced reservoir pressure;
– develop a methodology for assessing the development of Cenomanian gas deposits in conditions of reduced reservoir pressure.
The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the study can be used to justify the technological, technical and economic criteria for the development of Cenomanian gas deposits in conditions of reduced reservoir pressure.
Read MoreON THE OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL OF THE GULF OF GUINEA SHELF
This article examines such important aspects of the industry as the development of hydrocarbon deposits of the Gulf of Guinea shelf. Hydrocarbons are considered the most important resource for the industrialization of countries, and the search for this resrouce is an integral part of this process. This encourages countries surrounded by seas and oceans to direct their efforts to search for and develop these reserves both in shallow water and at very great depths. The development of hydrocarbon deposits is a set of measures aimed at ensuring the flow of oil and gas from the reservoir to the bottom of the wells, providing a certain order of placement of wells on the area for this purpose as well as the order of drilling of these wells, commissioning, the establishment and maintenance of a certain mode of their operation. Further in the article, the author analyzes various geological characteristics of hydrocarbon deposits of the location under study.
This work may be of importance to those interested in obtaining information about hydrocarbon deposits around the world, in particular, this article focuses on hydrocarbon deposits of the Gulf of Guinea shelf.
Read MoreLITHOFACIES MODELS OF STRUCTURE SHELF SEDIMENTS WITHIN PURTAZOVSKAYA AND NADYM-PURSKAYA PETROLEUM REGIONS
Effective exploration and development of deposits begin with quality built geological models, in base of this models is detailed litho-facies data interpretation, which includes all complex of geological information. Extensive analyze of method data has been learned by the author and allows to create Object-oriented method of constructing litho-facies models. Method consists of 4 stage of research: regional structure, macro-, micro-heterogenenity and litho-facies interpretation.
Read MoreSTRUCTURAL AND MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND PROBABLE RESERVES OF THE DEPOSIT OF FINE GOLD “MUKHOR-GORKHON” (WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA)
The paleopotamological studies in the valley of the Mukhor-Gorkhon Creek showed that the mountainous relief exists here for rather long, and the hydrological parameters of paleocreek were close to the present-day ones. The significant amounts of fine-grained gold (17-18%) and a bit less of dust-like and finely dispersed one (5-6%) have been revealed in the placer. Materials of researches can be used at stages of search and prospecting works on placer gold.
Read MoreCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS OF DISPOSAL OF DRILLING WASTE
This article presents an overview of existing technologies and methods of drilling waste treatment. Drilling wastes represent a significant environmental hazard due to highly toxic elements within them. Now there is no universal method of disposal of waste drilling that would meet all environmental requirements. Each gas-oil company selects a method based on the utilization of a variety of factors, combining existing and developing new technologies disposal of waste drilling. We have analyzed and selected the method of disposal of drilling waste for the region on the example of the Astrakhan gas condensate field.
Read MoreREGULARITIES OF CREATION OF PRODUCTIVE THICKNESSES OF BUILDING SAND IN DRY BASINS OF THE PRIBAIKALYE
Intermountain basins terrace complex is the main source of the reconnoitered, search and expected resources of building sand in the Pribaikalye. Materials of researches can be used at stages of search and prospecting geological works on building sand.
Read MoreTHE FIRST DATA OF THE APATITE FISSION TRACK DATING OF THE ZAGAN METAMORPHIC CORE IN TRANSBAIKAL
According to structural and geochronological data, the formation of the Zagan metamorphic core occurred in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Later, according to fission track dating of apatite, in the tectonothermal history of the rocks composing the metamorphic core, three stages are clearly distinguished. 1) In the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene, high cooling rates of apatite to temperatures of 60-800 C can be observed. This corresponds to the exhumation of the rocks composing the core to depths of 1.5-2 km, which is associated with the ubiquitous processes of mountain formation in the region. The exhumation rates are estimated at 100 m / myr. 2) In the Neogene (25-5 myr), a period of weak tectonic activity (peneplenization) occurred everywhere. 3) Over the last 5-3 myr, tectonic activity has increased dramatically while the rate of exhumation (erosion) has increased to 400 m / myr, which is the maximum value that has been observed for the entire time period. Just over the last few million years, the foundation rocks of the Zagan complex were rapidly brought to the surface, which is associated with the reactivation of mountain formation processes.
Read MoreNEW DATA ON THE U-PB DATING OF ZIRCONS OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE KURAY MOUNTAINS IN THE ALTAI REPUBLIC
In the axial region of the Kuray mountain range, metamorphic rocks of the Kuray assemblage are widely common. They rest in the form of tectonic plates separated by zones of metamorphic shale rocks and mylonites. The granitoids found in the field of distribution of rocks of the Kuray assemblage were traditionally interpreted as products of ultrametamorphism, an anatectic melting confined to the central parts of granite-gneiss domes. The authors of the study have dated zircons from the samples of granosyenite, quartz diorite, and from two samples of granite-gneisses of the Kuray assemblage using the U-Pb LA-ICP-MS method. The results demonstrate that granosyenites and diorites are of the same age (440.3 ± 7.3 and 449.1 ± 1.4 Ma) and are presumably different phases of the Late Ordovician igneous complex. The zircons from the granite-gneisses of the Kuray assemblage have similar ages of 445.0 ± 13.0 and 444.6 ± 9.9 Ma based on the cores, as well as the metamorphic rims of 367.8 ± 2.3 Ma. Presumably, the Late Ordovician intrusions have turned into granite-gneisses as a result of the Late Devonian metamorphism.
Read More“FOREIGN” MINERAL ASSOCIATIONS AND MULTI-STAGE NATURE OF THE JAMGYR GOLD DEPOSIT (WESTERN TIEN-SHAN)
The article discusses the results of studying gold mineralization of various objects called “foreign” that are part of mineral associations and are combined within the same deposit. The presence of atypical mineral parageneses of the deposit indicates its complex geological history. The study conducts an analysis of unusual associations of such minerals as gold, beryllium, bismuth, tungsten, carbon, copper, and molybdenum, some gold deposits of Russia, such as Karalveemskoye, Sovinoe (Chukotka), Ikanskoe, Vostochnoye Dvoynoe (Primorsky Krai), Kyzyk-Chadrskoe (Tuva). The study provides data on the thermobarogeochemical, mineralogical-petrographic, and geochemical studies of the Jamgyr deposit (Western Tien-Shan). The Jamgyr deposit contains such “foreign” mineral associations as gold, molybdenum and carbon. The study examines data on the stages of mineral formation of the Jamgyr deposit on the basis of data from the study of thermobarogeochemical parameters and mineral composition of vein and gold mineralization-containing rocks as well as the data on the study of primary geochemical halos of gold and molybdenum that reflect the features of the genesis of the Jamgyr deposit. The research substantiates the relationship between the halos of steam curing of gold and molybdenum mineralization discovered through thermobarogeochemical methods. Based on the analysis of data on these deposits and the studies of the genesis of the established mineral associations of the studied area, the article concludes that there are three stages of mineralization at the Jamgyr deposit: stockwork, carbonate-carbon-gold; molybdenum-porphyry, gold bearing; quartz-vein, gold-ore.
Read MoreCHAUSTINSKY METAMORPHIC COMPLEX OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC: STRUCTURAL POSITION, AGE AND GEODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
The Chaustinsky metamorphic complex was formed when basalts of the ocean floor and sedimentary rocks (perhaps, the deep-sea trough and the ocean floor) were submerged in the subduction zone. The Ar-Ar age of the amphibole is 522 Ma (Early Cambrian Period) corresponds to the subduction stage, while the mica ages 489±5.7, 498±3.8 and 499±5.4 Ma (Upper Cambrian) reflect the exhumation of rocks as a result of return currents in the subduction zone. According to the results of geochemical studies, the protoliths for the metabasite rocks of the Chaustinky complex (amphibolites, garnet amphibolites) were mainly basalts of the N-Morb type, less often E-Morb. The obtained data are in good agreement with the ideas about the formation of the Anuisko-Chuiskaya zone of the Altai Mountains as a structure of the accretion wedge of the Kuznetsk-Altai island arc in the Vendian-Cambrian time.
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