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RARE METALS IN TECHNOGENICALLY TRANSFORMED WATER OF ZHYREKENSKY, SHAKHTAMINSKY AND BUGDAINSKY MOLYBDENUM DEPOSITS (EASTERN TRANSBAIKAL)
Acid, near-neutral and slightly alkaline waters of predominantly sulfate anionic composition have been formed within the limits of the mining operations of the Zhyrekensky, Shakhtaminsky and Bugdainsky molybdenum deposits. Maximum concentrations of rare metals are characteristic of highly mineralized acidic sub-dump drainage effluents of the Bugdainsky deposit. Here predominant accumulation of rare-earth elements, cadmium, lithium, gallium, and rubidium is recorded. The fractionation of rare-earth elements is studied, and a significant difference in the configurations of their profiles in water and rock is shown. The practical significance of the study is due to the solution of the problem of preserving water resources regarding the mining production impact, as well as the necessity to identify possible raw materials sources of rare metals.
Read MoreSCIENTIFIC BASIS OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESS CONTROL IN TECHNOGENIC MINERAL FORMATIONS
The article presents the forming processes of technogenic and mineral formations (TMFs) – technogenesis and subsequent transformation of the composition and structure of TMF – technogenesis. The authors studied technogenesis on the example of gold-bearing technogenic placers. The processes of TMF conversion lead to the release, transfer, and accumulation of gold-bearing phases inside man-made dumps. Management of the processes of technogenesis leads to the creation of nature-like production technologies. Directions on the management of the formation of gold concentrations in TMFs were allocated. Experiments on the accumulation of gold on geochemical barriers were carried out.
Read MoreANALYSIS OF LITHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND COLLECTIVE PROPERTIES OF BREEDS OF ACHIMOVSKY HORIZON ROCK BEDS (ACh1, ACH2, ACh3) OF ALEKHINSKY PRODUCTION FIELD OF KHMAO-UGRA
The conditions of the formation of deposits of the Achimov Neocomian horizon are studied in the article. Specific features of the change in physical properties (permeability, porosity) of Achimov deposits that come with the change of depth within the Alekhinsky deposit are considered. The analysis of changes in the formation reservoir properties of the oil and gas bearing deposits of the Achimov suite in the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yugra, is carried out. It is established that the rocks of the Achimov rock bed represented by compacted sand and coarse-grained siltstones exhibit uneven changes in the formation reservoir properties due to the complex geological conditions of the deposits formation.
Read MoreRARE-EARTH MINERALIZATION DISTRIBUTION BY ORE TYPES AT EXPLORATION HORIZONS OF KUTESSAI-II DEPOSIT
The distribution of particular rare-earth elements along the horizons has a certain regularity and depends on the zone sequence in the distribution of rare-earth minerals down the section of the deposit. For each of the intermediate horizons of the deposit, certain types of industrial ores and their peculiar rare-earth mineral associations are inherently characteristic, the composition of which varies naturally concerning the deposit section.
The distribution of rare-earth mineralization is controlled by certain structural elements that existed at one or another stage of the formation of the deposit, hence individual parts of the rod-shaped ore body acquire different practical significance for different types of mineralization [3], [4, P. 115-116].
Read MoreGEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SEDIMENTATION MASSES OF INTERMOUNTAIN AREAS OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKAL
The terraced complex of the Selenga River and its large tributaries in the intermountain areas of Western Transbaikal is composed of sedimentation masses of different thicknesses, mainly of sand composition and aquatic genesis. The results of investigations of the granulometric composition of deposits showed a high degree of their suitability as building materials for the production of silicate products of autoclave hardening, reaching absolute values in separate basins. The extraction can be carried out all the year round by a mechanized career method, which will completely satisfy the demands of the construction industry in this region. A good transport infrastructure – the presence of a wide network of roads and railways will allow exporting raw materials outside its borders. The presented materials can be used at the stages of prospecting and exploration for silicate sands. The basis for this was the author’s original material obtained directly in the course of geological fieldwork.
Read MoreGEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SEDIMENTATION MASSES OF INTERMOUNTAIN AREAS OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKAL
The terraced complex of the Selenga River and its large tributaries in the intermountain areas of Western Transbaikal is composed of sedimentation masses of different thicknesses, mainly of sand composition and aquatic genesis. The results of investigations of the granulometric composition of deposits showed a high degree of their suitability as building materials for the production of silicate products of autoclave hardening, reaching absolute values in separate basins. The extraction can be carried out all the year round by a mechanized career method, which will completely satisfy the demands of the construction industry in this region. A good transport infrastructure – the presence of a wide network of roads and railways will allow exporting raw materials outside its borders. The presented materials can be used at the stages of prospecting and exploration for silicate sands. The basis for this was the author’s original material obtained directly in the course of geological fieldwork.
Read MoreEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MELTING IN THE FORSTERITE NORMATIVE PART OF THE СаО-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 SYSTEM IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXISTENCE OF THE “ECOLOGITE BARRIER”
We conducted experimental study of the liquidus phase relationships in the forsterite-normative region of the phase diagram of the СаО-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system in the pressure range of 2.5-3.0 GPa. The existence of two peritectic melting reactions Opx+Fo+L=Cpx+Ga и Opx+L=Cpx+Ga and one eutectic reaction L=Cpx+Opx+Ga+Fo is established. It is shown that at the pressure of 2.5-2.6 GPa and temperature of 1500 OC, there is a non-variant equilibrium (L, Cpx, Opx, Ga, Fo). At the point of its existence, the liquid composition is in the Mg2Si2O6-Al2O3-Ca2Si2O6 plane. From the point of view of this non-variant equilibrium, the reaction beam is L = Cpx + Opx + Ga + Fo in the direction of high temperatures and high pressures, while the reaction beam Opx + L = Cpx + Ga leaves the point of this non-invariant equilibrium towards high pressures. The reaction beam in the direction of low pressures is Opx + Fo + L = Cpx + Ga. It is shown that the singular non-variant equilibrium (L, Cpx, Opx, Ga, Fo) is a model of the “eclogite barrier,” which was discussed in the works of V.А.Zharikov and V.S.Sobolev in connection with the problem of the composition of primary ultra-basic magmas evolution to granite melts.
Read MoreEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF HIGH-CALCIUM CHROMITE GRANATE IN SERPENTIN-CHROMITE-CaO SYSTEM
Garnets containing a high amount of chromium and calcium are some of the rarest types of this mineral, which can be found in peridotite and inclusions in diamonds. The results of experimental modeling of crystallization conditions for high calcium calcined garnets in the serpentine-chromite-Ca-Cr-containing aqueous fluid system at a pressure of 5 GPa and a temperature of 1300°C are presented. The newly formed garnet is characterized by a high content of CaO (up to 26.30% by weight) and Cr2O3 (up to 20.95% by weight) and is similar in chemical composition to the uvarovite-pyrope types that form the part of the relatively rare naturally occurring paragenesis of garnet verlites.
Read MoreMETAL-SULFIDE-SILICATE MELT AS A POSSIBLE SOLVENT OF NATURAL DIAMONDS
In the present study, the process of etching synthetic diamond crystals at 4 GPa and 1400 °C for a model heterogeneous solvent was first realized in a sulfur-containing iron melt with the addition of kimberlite (Fe – 81 wt%, S – 14%, kimberlite – 5%).
It is established that during the dissolution process, diamond crystals are transformed into the curved individuals of the octahedral habit. It has been established that the role of silicate additives (5 wt%) is in the local screening of the surface of diamonds with the formation of etching bumps.
Read MoreACCURACY ESTIMATION OF THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF OIL AND GAS-BEARING COMPLEX IN SAMARA REGION
The paper is devoted to the evaluation of the accuracy of dynamic analysis under the severe geological conditions in the Samara region and its feasibility on a given territory. Eight seismic survey areas were analyzed using common depth point 3D method (MOGT-3D), on which the dynamic analysis was performed. It was found that the magnitude of the forecast errors for carbonate and terrigenous layers varies: the effective thickness in terrigenous layers is predicted better, than in carbonate formations, and the porosity coefficient is better predicted in carbonate formations. After a general assessment, it was found that the porosity coefficient is predicted slightly better than the effective thickness in the Samara region.
Read MoreEXPERIENCE OF DATA PROCESSING OF EXPERIMENTAL FILTRATION WORK IN FISSURED GROUND WITH THE USE OF ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS AND NUMERICAL MODELING
The construction of an energy facility in the north of Egypt involves the implementation of experimental filtration (EFW) works to determine the water availability of rocks of near-surface aquifers. This is due to the need to build drainage systems for safe construction, as well as further operation of the facility. The results of processing the EFW on the basis of analytical solutions are given; the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen calculation scheme are indicated. The necessity to create numerical models is described. Comparison of interpretation results with analytical solutions and numerical simulation is performed.
Read MoreUSE OF AIR DRONES IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
This paper describes the main tasks of the oil and gas industry, which can be solved using air drones. Prospective applications of air drones with large weight-lift in solving logistics tasks at the deposits in the near future are considered, which will significantly reduce economic costs and accelerate oil production processes by saving time. In addition, a list of the main domestic companies developing air drones is provided, as well as the average technical characteristics of their products.
Read MoreENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX MONITORING OF SOME ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN HANOI
The concept and structure of complex engineering and geological monitoring of architectural and historical monuments of Hanoi are proposed in the paper. The specificity of engineering, geological and hydro-geological conditions within the historical center of Hanoi is analyzed. Natural and man-made factors influencing the development of various processes and deformations of architectural and historical monuments are considered in the work. The content of the object engineering and geological monitoring for the Hanoi Cathedral and the Hanoi Flag Tower is proposed.
Read MoreINVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR-SURFACE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS WITH THE HELP OF «SELECTOR PC» (IN EXAMPLE OF A GOLOVNINA VOLCANO, KUNASHIR ISLAND)
The chemical composition analysis of gas and thermal fluids of the Golovnin volcano (Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands) are done. The physical and chemical models of «flowing reactor» type for contrast kinds of fluids have been constructed with the help of the SELECTOR Program Complex (PC) at different conditions (P=1 bar and P=10 bar).
Solutions are divided into several groups according to its chemical composition – both to anion and to cation one. The relationship between physical and chemical parameters of springs and components content of ones are detected, the phase relations within systems for contrast groups throughout the numerical experiment are found out, the mineral ratio for solid phase are obtained.
Read MoreTHE DETERMINATION OF HETEROPHASE REACTIONS ZONES
This work is devoted to the question of heterophase reactions zones identification. The determination of the reactions zones is executed by us by minimum of errors of experimental data approximations by various functions. The four functions are selected as probes: the power function, exponential law and Avraami and Prout-Tompkins equations. Preference is given to the function with less rate constants errors in the case of equality of approximation errors. The reaction of fluorination of anorthosites by ammonia hydrodifluoride is given as an example. The result of reactions zones determination is agreed with result received by the traditional criterion (by value of activation energy).
Read MorePETROTERMALNOY IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY IN THE MODERN WORLD
In this paper, we consider the use petrotermal energy as a source of inexhaustible energy source of the Earth’s interior. Energy – is the most important sphere of human society today, it affects not only the factors of production, but also the material support of our society. Energy resource provides all the processes in production, social activities and information area. It was found that the use of coolants petrotermal are much more profitable and efficient than thermal and nuclear power plants.
Read MoreENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS AND TYPIFICATION OF SOILS OF HANOI CITY
The article deals with engineering geological features of Quaternary sediments in the profile of underground space of Hanoi. Classification of soils by their compressibility and bearing capacity for the purposes of typical construction is given. Physical and mechanical characteristics of Quaternary soils in the historical centre of the city are analysed. Significant influence of organic materials on physical and mechanical characteristics of soil in Hanoi area is noted. Paper describes organics distribution in depth as well as changes of some physical and mechanical properties of soils in the profile of Hanoi depending on the content of organic matter.
Read MorePRACTICAL CONFIRMATION DIVERSITY LAYERING SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHERNOGOMORYA LATE PERIOD OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
The formation of sedimentary rock – a process quite complex, subject to the simultaneous action of a number of factors that leads to the identification of clear laws governing the formation of the final structure and properties. Sedimentary rocks of the Black Sea is a truly unique facility for geological study, it became apparent only with the advent of electronic microscopy for the study of thin sections at high resolution. This article provides practical results of the study shlivov sedimentary accumulations of Black sea.
Read MoreHYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE APTIAN-ALBIAN-CENOMANIAN COMPLEX KAMENNYJ OIL FIELD
Hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical features of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian hydrogeological complex within Kamennyj oil fields are considered by the author. The field is located in the Krasnoleninsk petroliferous area of Western Siberia. Hydrogeological conditions of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian complex enough homogeneous despite the existence of elements of geodynamic water pressure system in the lower sedimentary cover. The basic process that has defined modern hydrogeological conditions in the study area have elision water exchange. Through this process in the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian complex present excess hydrostatic reservoir pressure and sodium bicarbonate-type water by V.A. Sulin.
Read MoreHYDROGEOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF RYUPEL’SKO-HATTSKIJ AQUIFER IN SOUTHWESTERN TYUMEN REGION
Hydrogeochemical conditions Ryupel’sko-Hattskij aquifer within the Youth field fresh groundwater are considered in the article. In general hydrogeochemical conditions are sufficiently homogeneous. Limit values exceed the values of organoleptic characteristics. Corresponding preparation is necessary to improve the quality of groundwater used for drinking water supply.
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